Raven Biology Chapter 28

What is genetic engineering?

• Crossing two organisms of the same species with desired characters

• Alteration of the genetic material of an organism by introducing foreign DNA into the genome

What is a recombinant DNA?

• A small circular piece of DNA that can replicate independently from the chromosomal DNA within a cell

• A DNA molecule made by joining two or more different DNA molecules

What is a plasmid?

• A small circular piece of DNA that can replicate independently from the chromosomal DNA within a cell

• A DNA molecule made by joining two or more different DNA molecules

What is a restriction enzyme?

• A type of enzyme that cuts DNA at specific base sequences

• A type of enzyme that helps join DNA fragments together

What is a DNA ligase?

• A type of enzyme that cuts DNA at specific base sequences

• A type of enzyme that helps join DNA fragments together

What is a vector in relation to recombinant DNA technology?

• Any fragment of DNA carrying the target gene

• A carrier molecule for gene transfer

Below are the steps involved in the genetic engineering of bacteria to produce human insulin.

(1) Introduce the plasmids into bacteria.

(2) Isolate DNA fragments that contain the gene for human insulin.

(3) Join the DNA fragments and the open plasmids together using a DNA ligase.

(4) Cut the DNA fragments and plasmids using the same restriction enzyme.

Arrange the steps in the correct sequence.

• (1) → (2) → (4) → (3)

• (2) → (3) → (4) → (1)

• (2) → (4) → (3) → (1)

• (4) → (3) → (1) → (2)

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2