Genetics

Inherited traits are:

• Dependent on diet

• Acquired during an organism's life

• Free of mutations

• Passed on from parent to offspring

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The average size of a grocery store chicken has more than doubled in the past century. What is the most likely reason for this change?

• Natural selection resulted in a larger species of chicken

• Artificial selection created a larger breed of chicken

• Mutations occur less frequently in chickens than they did a century ago

• Grocery stores used to sell younger chickens

Gregor Mendel observed that pea plant traits did not blend in their offspring. This led him to conclude that:

• Traits are inherited in separate units

• Offspring inherit genes from only one parent

• Pea plants do not have genes

• Traits are not inherited

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Every cell in an organism has the same number of chromosomes, except:

• Skin cells

• Neurons

• White blood cells

• Reproductive cells

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A gene carries the ________ for a trait.

• Equipment

• Instructions

• Materials

• Protection

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The building blocks of DNA are like alphabet letters, because they:

• Are each associated with a particular sound

• Can be used in a variety of languages

• Each have an uppercase and a lowercase form

• Spell out different instructions depending on their order

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Genes influence an organism’s traits by coding for:

• Cells

• Proteins

• Chromosomes

• DNA

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Genetic mutations are _____ harmful.

• Always

• Usually

• Sometimes

• Never

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How do mutations affect natural selection?

• They slow down the process

• They prevent organisms from evolving

• They affect how likely an organism is to survive and reproduce

• They are the leading cause of exinction

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How is editing the genetic code different from artificial selection?

• It enables humans to influence the inheritance of DNA

• It enables humans to directly change DNA

• It can only be used on animal DNA

• It is not yet possible to edit the genetic code