If you have a liquid that changes to a gas, explain it's freedom of movement in both phases.

molecules move around each other, then away from each other

molecules move away from each other, then around each other

molecules move in place, then around each other

molecules move around each other, then in place

How are solids different from liquids?

particles in solids are vibrating in place.

particles in solids are moving freely around each other.

particles in solids have no motion.

particles in solids have more motion than in liquids

What happens to molecules when energy transfers out of a substance?

The substances's molecules will move slower.

The substance's molecules will move faster.

The substance's molecules will continue to move at the same speed.

The substance's molecules will stop moving.

What would be a reason for a phase change to occur in one substance and not another substance even if both substances began at the same phase and were transferred the same amount of energy?

The molecular attraction of one of the substances was weaker than the other substance causing phase change to occur.

The molecular attraction of both substances were the same causing phase change to occur in one of them.

The molecular attraction of one of the substances was absent compared to the other substance causing phase change to occur.

Phase change can not occur in one substance and not the other because they both started in the same phase.

Which options are correct about molecular attraction and freedom of movement?

Low molecular attraction = High freedom of movement

High molecular attraction = High freedom of movement

Low molecular attraction = Low freedom of movement

These two vocabulary words have nothing to do with each other.

Evelyn had a Popsicle but left it out and it started to melt. What caused the Popsicle to melt?

kinetic energy was added to the Popsicle

kinetic energy was taken away from the Popsicle

the molecules started to slow down.

freedom of movement for the molecules of the popsicle decreased.

Mary found two different substances when she was locked in the basement. Substance 1 and 2 had molecules that are moving around each other at room temperature. She was bored so she took away the same amount of kinetic energy out of both substances, but only substance 1 changed phase. How are the substances different?

Substance 1 has a stronger attraction between its molecules than substance 2. Its molecules now move in place.

Substance 1 has a weaker attraction between its molecules than Substance 2. Its molecules now move in place.

Substance 1 has a weaker attraction between its molecules than Substance 2. Its molecules now move around each other.

Substance 1 has a stronger attraction between its molecules than substance 2. Its molecules now move away from each other.

Nathan had a sealed bucket containing a substance in the gas phase. He left the bucket outside over the weekend. When he returned, the substance had changed phase, and the substance was in the liquid phase. What happened to the molecules of this substance?

Before Nathan left, the molecules were moving away from each other . When he returned, they were moving around each other because energy was transferred out of the substance.

Before Nathan left, the molecules were moving around each other . When he returned, they were moving in place because energy was transferred out of the substance.

Before Nathan left, the molecules were moving away from each other . When he returned, they were moving around each other because energy was transferred into the substance.

Before Nathan left, the molecules were moving in place . When he returned, they were moving around each other because energy was transferred into the substance.

Galileo uses a substance that has molecules that move in place under normal conditions. This substance will be used in EXTREME conditions, which could make the substance’s molecules move faster and cause a phase change. How would this phase change occur, and how would the molecules of the substance be affected under these EXTREME conditions? Energy would be transferred . . .

into the substance, and its molecules would move around each other.

out of the substance, and its molecules would move away from each other.

out of the substance, and its molecules would move around each other.

into the substance, and its molecules would move in place.

You find a substance in the cafeteria. The molecules in the cafeteria are moving around each other. You increase the speed of the molecules and cause a phase change. How did you do this and how did this affect the substance? You transferred energy....

into the substance and it changed to a substance that has molecules that are moving away from each other.

into the substance and it changed to a substance that has molecules that are flowing around each other.

out of the substance and it changed to a substance that has molecules that are moving in place.

out of the substance and it changed to a substance that has molecules that are flowing around each other.

You have two substances at room temperature. Both substances have molecules that flow around each other. You transfer the same amount of energy out of both substances but only one substance changes phase. What happened?

the substance with the stronger attraction will turn to a solid

the substance with the weaker attraction will change to a gas

the substance with the stronger attraction will turn to a gas

the substance with the weaker attraction will turn to a solid

A car mechanic had a sealed bucket containing a substance in the gas phase. She left the bucket outside over the weekend. When she returned, the substance had changed phase, and the substance was in the liquid phase. What happened to the molecules of this substance?

Before the mechanic left, the molecules were moving away from each other . When she returned, they were moving around each other .

Before the mechanic left, the molecules were moving around each other . When she returned, they were moving in place .

Before the mechanic left, the molecules were moving around each other . When she returned, they were moving away from each other .

Before the mechanic left, the molecules were moving in place . When she returned, they were moving around each other .

A chef finds a sealed container consisting of an ingredient that goes into his restaurant’s secret sauce. The ingredient’s molecules are moving in place. What will happen if the chef causes the ingredient to change phase by transferring energy into it? After the phase change, the ingredient’s molecules will move . . .

faster, and the ingredient will be a liquid.

faster, and the ingredient will be a solid.

slower, and the ingredient will be a solid.

slower, and the ingredient will be a liquid.

Workers find two substances. One is a toxic chemical. The other is a safe chemical. Both chemicals are liquids at room temperature. As a test, the workers transfer the same amount of energy out of the two containers and find that only the toxic chemical changes phase. How is the toxic chemical different from the safe chemical? The toxic chemical has a . . .

stronger attraction between its molecules than the safe chemical. Its molecules now move in place.

weaker attraction between its molecules than the safe chemical. Its molecules now move in place.

weaker attraction between its molecules than the safe chemical. Its molecules now move around each other.

stronger attraction between its molecules than the safe chemical. Its molecules now move away from each other.

Cesar and Ming were investigating a see-through container of water. Water can be a solid, liquid, or gas. At first, Cesar and Ming said the water molecules were moving in place. Later , the water molecules were moving around each other. What change did they observe to the water?

At first, the water was a solid. Later, it was a liquid.

At first, the water was a gas. Later, it was a liquid.

At first, the water was a liquid. Later, it was a solid.

At first, the water was a liquid. Later, it was a gas.

A company uses a substance that is a solid under normal conditions. This substance will be used in extreme conditions, which could make the substance’s molecules move faster and cause a phase change. How would this phase change occur, and how would the molecules of the substance be affected under these extreme conditions? Energy would be transferred . . .

into the substance, and its molecules would move around each other.

out of the substance, and its molecules would move away from each other.

out of the substance, and its molecules would move around each other.

into the substance, and its molecules would move in place.

The image above shows information about two different substances in sealed containers. A scientist transfers the same amount of energy into both substances. One substance changes phase, but the other does not. Which chemical changed phase, and why did it change?

Substance A changed phase because its molecules were able to move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them. It is now a gas.

Substance A changed phase because the strong attraction between its molecules allowed them move faster. It is now a gas.

Substance B changed phase because the molecules were able to move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them. It is now a gas.

Substance B changed phase because the strong attraction between molecules made their movement slower. It is now a solid.

Refrigerators are able to transfer energy out of a substance. At first, the substance is a gas. The refrigerator changes the phase of the substance by transferring energy out of it. How does this change affect the substance’s molecules? After the phase change, the molecules move . . .

slower, and they move around each other.

slower, and they move away from each other.

faster, and they move around each other.

faster, and they move in place.

Detectives find two substances at a crime scene. One is a poison, and the other is a cleaning chemical. At room temperature, both substances are liquids. To test the substances, the detectives transfer the same amount of energy into both substances, but only the cleaning chemical changes phase. How is the cleaning chemical different from the poison? The cleaning chemical has a . . .

weaker attraction between its molecules than the poison. Its molecules now move away from each other.

weaker attraction between its molecules than the poison. Its molecules now move in place.

stronger attraction between its molecules than the poison. Its molecules now move away from each other.

stronger attraction between its molecules than the poison. Its molecules now move around each other.

Scientists have a container of water. Water can be a solid, liquid, or gas. At first, the water molecules in the container were moving around each other. Later, the water molecules were moving in place. What change did the scientists observe?

At first, the water was a liquid. After, it was a solid.

At first, the water was a gas. After, it was a liquid.

At first, the water was a solid. After, it was a liquid.

At first, the water was a liquid. After, it was a gas.

An Earth scientist brought an unknown substance from underground back to her lab. The substance was in the gas phase and was put into a sealed tank as shown above. She slowed down the molecules inside the tank and the substance changed phase. How did she do this, and how did it affect the molecules? She transferred energy . . .

out of the substance, and the molecules moved around each other.

into the substance, and the molecules moved around each other.

into the substance, and the molecules moved away from each other.

out of the substance, and the molecules moved in place

A student left a sealed jar of water outside her home. Water can be a solid, liquid, or gas. When she put it outside, the water was a solid. Twelve hours later, the water had changed phase and was a liquid. What happened to the water molecules?

Before the student left, the molecules were moving in place . After, the molecules were moving around each other .

Before the student left, the molecules were moving around each other . After, the molecules were moving away from each other .

Before the student left, the molecules were moving around each other . After, the molecules were moving in place .

Before the student left, the molecules were moving away from each other . After, the molecules were moving around each other.

Divers found two substances on the bottom of the ocean. At room temperature, both substances are liquid. Scientists then transferred the same amount of energy out of both substances. When a scientist checked again, Substance 1 had changed phase, but Substance 2 had not. How are Substances 1 and 2 different? Substance 1 has a . . .

stronger attraction between its molecules than Substance 2. Its molecules now move in place.

weaker attraction between its molecules than Substance 2. Its molecules now move in place.

weaker attraction between its molecules than Substance 2. Its molecules now move around each other.

stronger attraction between its molecules than Substance 2. Its molecules now move away from each other.

Anh measured the temperature of a pond near his house. Before he left for school, the water in the pond was 18°C. When he came home from school, the temperature of the pond was higher than it was in the morning. What happened to the water molecules while he was at school?

The molecules started moving faster.

The molecules got closer together.

A scientist has a container with a substance inside. At first, the molecules in the substance move away from each other. Later, the molecules move around each other. What change did the scientist observe in the substance?

Before, the substance was a gas. Later, it was a liquid.

Before, the substance was a liquid. Later, it was a solid.

Before, the substance was a liquid. Later, it was a gas.

Before, the substance was a solid. Later, it was a liquid.

Scientists digging in a cave found an unknown substance. The scientists found that the substance’s molecules were moving around each other. The scientists increased the speed of the substance’s molecules and caused a phase change. How did the scientists do this, and how did this affect the substance? The scientists transferred energy . . .

into the substance, and the substance changed into a gas.

into the substance, and the substance changed into a liquid.

out of the substance, and the substance changed into a solid.

out of the substance, and the substance changed into a liquid.

A cook had a jar containing a sweet food and a jar containing a sour food. The image above shows the sweet and sour foods. At room temperature, both foods are liquids. The same amount of energy was transferred into both substances. Later, one of the foods had changed phase while the other had not. Which food changed phase, and how did it change?

The sweet food changed because the molecules were able to move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them. Its molecules now move away from each other.

The sweet food changed because the strong attraction between molecules made their movement slower. Its molecules now move around each other.

The sour food changed because the weak attraction between molecules let them move faster. Its molecules now move away from each other.

The sour food changed because the molecules were able to move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them. Its molecules now move in place.

Which object has molecules that are moving?

Both have molecules that are moving.

Only the water in the glass has molecules that are moving.

Only the water in the ocean has molecules that are moving.

Neither has molecules that are moving.

What happens to molecules when their kinetic energy decreases?

It depends on the type of molecules.

Mario is making chocolate. In part of the chocolate-making process, he changed the phase from a liquid to a solid. What happened to the molecules of chocolate when it changed phase?

Before changing phase, the molecules were moving around each other . After changing phase, they were moving in place .

Before changing phase, the molecules were moving around each other . After changing phase, they were moving away from each other .

Before changing phase, the molecules were moving away from each other . After changing phase, they were moving around each other .

Before changing phase, the molecules were moving in place . After changing phase, they were moving around each other .

A scientist has two substances that she is testing in her lab: a pink substance and a green substance. At room temperature, both substances are liquids. The scientist transferred the same amount of energy into both substances. She finds only the pink substance changed phase. How is the pink substance different from the green substance? The pink substance has a . . .

weaker attraction between its molecules than the green substance. Its molecules now move away from each other.

weaker attraction between its molecules than the green substance. Its molecules now move in place.

stronger attraction between its molecules than the green substance. Its molecules now move away from each other.

stronger attraction between its molecules than the green substance. Its molecules move around each other.

The fuel tank of an airplane has a device that measures the fuel’s temperature. Before the airplane took off, the temperature of the fuel was 27°C. After the airplane had been flying for one hour, the temperature of the fuel had decreased to 3°C. Which of the following must have happened to the molecules of the fuel?

The molecules started moving slower.

The molecules got farther apart.

The fuel gained cold molecules.

The molecules became smaller in size.

The diagram above describes the movement of molecules in a substance used to make fuel. What change did the fuel scientist observe in the substance?

Before the process, the substance was a liquid. After the process, it was a gas.

Before the process, the substance was a solid. After the process, it was a liquid.

Before the process, the substance was a gas. After the process, it was a liquid.

Before the process, the substance was a liquid. After the process, it was a solid.

The medicine in the diagram above has molecules that are moving around each other. The doctor needs to slow down the molecules enough to cause a phase change. How will she do this, and how will this affect the medicine? She transfers energy . . .

out of the medicine until it is a solid.

into the medicine until it is a liquid.

into the medicine until it is a gas.

out of the medicine until it is a liquid.

A scientist did a test to compare two substances: substance Q and substance R. At room temperature, both substances are liquid. When the scientist transferred the same amount of energy out of both substances, only one substance changed phase while the other did not. Which substance changed phase, and how did it change?

Substance Q changed phase because the attraction of the molecules was able to overcome their slower movement. Its molecules now move in place.

Substance Q changed phase because the weak attraction between molecules made their movement slower. Its molecules now move in place.

Substance R changed phase because the weak attraction between molecules let them move faster. Its molecules now move around each other.

Substance R changed phase because the attraction was able to overcome the slower molecules. Its molecules now move away from each other.

Phase Change and Atoms

Authored by Charles Martinez

Science

8th Grade

NGSS covered

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53 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

When a substance melts, the kinetic energy _____________.

decreases

stays the same

increases

decreases then increases

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

When molecules flow around each other, they are in this phase

solid

liquid

gas

plasma

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

What takes place when a liquid changes to a gas?

condensation

melting

evaporation

freezing

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

What is a group of atoms joined together called?

an atom

molecule

matter

compound

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

What takes place when a solid changes to a liquid?

condensation

melting

evaporation

freezing

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

What is the average kinetic energy of a substance called?

volume

temperature

pressure

movement

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

To provide evidence that goes against a claim is called

support

choose

agree with

refute

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Phase Change and Atoms

When a substance melts, the kinetic energy _____________.

When molecules flow around each other, they are in this phase

What takes place when a liquid changes to a gas?

What is a group of atoms joined together called?

What takes place when a solid changes to a liquid?

What is the average kinetic energy of a substance called?

To provide evidence that goes against a claim is called

If you have a liquid that changes to a gas, explain it's freedom of movement in both phases.

5. What is it called when a solid turns directly into a gas?

Change from Gas to Solid is called........

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