CFA #1 DNA Structure & Replication

Frederic Griffith discovered transformation in his experiments on mice and Pneumococcus bacteria. He injected the mice with combinations of harmless, R-strain bacteria and disease-causing S-strain bacteria. Which combination of bacteria killed the mice and showed that transformation occurred?

• heat-killed R-strain and live S-strain
• heat-killed S-strain and live R-strain
• heat-killed bacteria of both strains
• live bacteria of both strains

Scientists wanted to learn more about Griffith’s experiment. They extracted a mixture of various molecules from the heat-killed bacteria. They found that ________ no longer occurred when they treated the mixture with enzymes that destroyed (carbohydrates / proteins / RNA / DNA / lipids). This experiment supports the hypothesis that (carbohydrates / proteins / RNA / lipids / DNA) is the genetic material.

• translation
• transcription
• transformation

Scientists wanted to learn more about Griffith’s experiment. They extracted a mixture of various molecules from the heat-killed bacteria. They found that (translation / transcription / transformation) no longer occurred when they treated the mixture with enzymes that destroyed _______. This experiment supports the hypothesis that (carbohydrates / proteins / RNA lipids / DNA) is the genetic material.

• carbohydrates
• proteins
• RNA
• DNA
• lipids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Scientists wanted to learn more about Griffith’s experiment. They extracted a mixture of various molecules from the heat-killed bacteria. They found that (translation / transcription / transformation) no longer occurred when they treated the mixture with enzymes that destroyed (carbohydrates / proteins / RNA / DNA / lipids). This experiment supports the hypothesis that _________ is the genetic material.

• carbohydrates
• proteins
• RNA
• lipids
• DNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which statements describe a bacteriophage? Select all that apply.

• It is a type of virus that infects bacteria.
• It is a type of bacteria that infects viruses.
• It is a virus consisting of a protein coat and a DNA core.
• It is a bacterial strain consisting of protein and a DNA core.

What are three tasks that DNA must be able to perform in all organisms? Select three answer choices.

• It must store genetic information.
• It must discard foreign genes.
• It must instruct cells to produce needed molecules.
• It must copy itself.
• It must move to locations throughout the cell.

When does transformation occur?

• when an organism receives foreign RNA that is transformed into DNA
• when DNA is transformed into RNA
• when bacteria are killed with heat
• when a cell receives foreign DNA that is expressed as a new characteristic

A nucleotide of DNA may contain adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine. What is each of these components?

• 5-carbon sugar
• nitrogenous base
• phosphate group
• nucleic acid

The image shows a nucleotide, a building block of the DNA molecule. From left to right, what are the names of the parts?

• 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group
• nucleic acid, 5-carbon sugar, amino group
• 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, carboxyl group
• nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Rosalind Franklin’s photographs of the X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA provided important clues about the structure of the DNA molecule. What was revealed by the photograph that enabled Watson and Crick to build their model of the DNA molecule? Select all that apply.

• The nitrogenous bases form the backbone on the outside of each DNA strand.
• The DNA strands are twisted around each other.
• There are two strands in the DNA molecule.
• The nitrogenous bases are near the center of the DNA molecule.