Biology

Animals in the wild must be able to store large amounts of energy because they may go for some time without finding food. Their long-term store of energy is in the form of lipids. Plants store energy for use over the winter in the form of carbohydrates such as starch. What is the advantage to animals of storing energy in the form of lipids rather than carbohydrates for long-term energy needs?

• Lipids can be used in different parts of the cell
• Lipids are much easier to digest
• Lipids contain more calories per gram
• Lipids are insoluble in aqueous parts of blood

Like complex carbohydrates, proteins are biomolecules that serve many functions and can be chemically broken down and restructured. Both proteins and complex carbohydrates are which of the following?

• Polymers of smaller subunits
• Sequence of sugars
• Lipids of large molecules
• Nucleotides of DNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides?

• Only polysaccharides are comprised of repeating units of cytosine, adenine, guanine, and thymine.
• Only proteins are formed from amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
• Only polysaccharides can be folded and twisted to very specific shapes.
• Only proteins can be large molecules with thousands of subunits.

Which of these best represents a fatty-acid molecule?

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Carbohydrates are more easily metabolized than lipids. However, on a gram-for-gram basis lipids provide cells with more —

• nitrogen
• proteins
• structure
• energy

Which of the following biomolecules typically contains both nitrogen and phosphate?

• Lipid
• Protein
• Nucleic acid
• Carbohydrate

A student preparing for a hike wants to pack a snack that has biomolecules that provide quickly available energy but few excess calories. Which nutrition label lists the best combination of biomolecules that provide quickly available energy while providing the fewest calories from other types of biomolecules?

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The differences between two molecules include the type of sugar that forms a section of the molecules and the identity of one of the four nitrogenous bases that make up another section of the molecules. These two molecules are —

• proteins
• lipids
• nucleic acids
• complex carbohydrates