Georgia Ecology Review

What is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms in the above food chain?

• maize

• tertiary consumer

• primary consumer

• sun

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Use the food chain above to answer the question. Suppose 20,000 units of energy are available at the level of grasses. What is the total number of energy units available by the time energy reaches the snake?

• 20,000 units

• 2000 units

• 200 units

• 20 units

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

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Above is a model demonstrating how energy transfers between tropic levels in an ecosystem. Which of the following best describes energy transfer in an ecosystem?

• If the primary consumer has 121,784 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will have 60,892 kcal since energy is divided by half when going form one tropic level to the next.

• If the producers make 121,784 kcal available, the secondary consumer will have 24,357 kcal available since 20% travels from one tropic level to the next.

• If the tertiary consumers have 121,784 kcal available, the secondary consumer must have had 1,217,840 available since 10% of the energy is transferred.

• If the producers have 121,784 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will have 121 kcal available since only 90% of the starting energy does not reach the apex predator.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Lionfish are considered an invasive species to the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Georgia and Florida. They have no known predators and are able to survive and reproduce with the available food and resources. Which population growth curve, show in the graph above, best matches the current population growth of lionfish on the Atlantic coast of Georgia and Florida?

• The green line because it shows linear growth of the population.

• The green line because it shows the exponential growth of the population.

• The blue line because it shows logistic growth of the population.

• The blue line because it shows the population slowing down and then speeding up.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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Models (a) and (b) represent growth patterns within a population. Which model and explanation best represents how a carrying capacity is reached?

• Model (a) shows the carrying capacity because it shows the population growth is unchecked.

• Model (a) shows the carrying capacity because the population growth is slowed down by limiting factors.

• Model (b) shows the carrying capacity because it represents exponential growth.

• Model (b) shows the carrying capacity because the population growth is slowed down by limiting factors.

In the food web above, the MOUSE is a _____, and if removed will cause _____.

• primary consumer; the fox population to decline at least due to lack of food.

• secondary consumer; the lizard population to increase due to more food being available.

• primary producer; the insect population to increase because it has less predators.

• primary consumer; the snake population to increase since there will be more food.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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Mosquitos carry the protist that carries the disease for malaria. Mosquitos do not get malaria, but they can transfer the protist to humans, who can get the disease. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the protists has with the mosquitos and humans?

• The relationship between the protists and mosquitos is competition, and the relationship between the mosquitos and humans is predation.

• The relationship between the protists and mosquitos is competition, and the relationship between the mosquitos and humans is parasitism.

• The relationship between the protists and mosquitos is commensalism, and the relationship between the mosquitos and humans is parasitism.

• The relationship between the protists and mosquitos is commensalism, and the relationship between the mosquitos and humans is predation.

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Many lichens are composed of fungi and algae (see image above). The fungi receive sugars from the algae, and the algae get water, minerals, and proteins from the fungi. Which of the following terms describes the relationship between the organisms in the lichens?

• commensalism

• mutualism

• parasitism

• competition

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

The flow of energy in the Great Plains goes through a simple food chain. The food chain includes Grizzly Bears as consumers at all trophic levels. IF the food chain starts from berries to deer to grizzly bears, then which of the following could be true in terms of energy if the deer population is reduced due to overhunting by humans?

• Chipmunks can provide more energy for grizzly bears than that of deer.

• The total biomass of the berries will decrease, becoming lower than that of the hawks.

• The marmot population will increase due to the increase of available energy from the butterfly populations.

• The berries can potentially provide more energy for grizzly bears than the grouse meat can.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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The graph above shows changes in a population of wild sheep that were introduced to the island of Tasmania in the early 1800s. The type of population growth represented by the portion of the graph dated between 1825 - 1850 is...

• stable

• logistic

• density-dependent

• exponential

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-4