Chapter 8 UNIT Test Sustaining Ecosystems & Ecosystem Services

What is the primary characteristic of an old-growth forest?

• It is dominated by a single tree species.

• It has been undisturbed for 200+ years.

• It is regularly harvested for timber.

• It is primarily composed of young trees.

What is the main difference between surface fires and crown fires?

• Surface fires burn only in tropical forests.

• Crown fires are controlled burns.

• Surface fires burn undergrowth, while crown fires burn the canopy.

• Crown fires are beneficial to forest health.

Which harvesting method involves removing all trees in an area?

• Selective cutting

• Strip cutting

• Clear-cutting

• Prescribed burning

What is a major consequence of deforestation in tropical regions?

• Increased biodiversity

• Decreased greenhouse gas emissions

• Loss of habitat for numerous species

• Increased rainfall

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What is the purpose of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)?

• To promote clear-cutting practices.

• To certify sustainable forestry operations.

• To suppress all forest fires.

• To encourage deforestation.

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What is a prescribed burn?

• An uncontrolled wildfire.

• A controlled fire to reduce flammable material.

• A method of clear-cutting.

• A type of crown fire.

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According to the text, what percentage of wood consumed in the US is estimated to be wasted?

• 10%

• 30%

• 60%

• 90%

What is a "debt-for-nature swap"?

• A method of clear-cutting forests.

• A trade agreement for timber.

• A debt relief program in exchange for forest protection.

• A program to increase wood waste.

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What is a second growth forest?

• a forest that has never been cut.

• a forest that has been replanted with only one type of tree.

• a forest

What is a negative impact of tree plantations?

• They increase biodiversity.

• They can deplete topsoil nutrients.

• They prevent soil erosion.

• They increase water quality.

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