Genetic Engineering Cloning Selective Breeding

Several companies now offer DNA “banking services,” where DNA is extracted from a pet and is stored so that a “replacement pet” might be produced using cloning techniques when the original pet dies. Which statement best explains why the replacement pets that are produced in this way might not look or act like the original?

• The new animal must get the DNA from two different parents, not just one cell

• Mutations could occur that change the cloned animal into a completely different species

• Recombination of the cells as they are cloned will make the resulting pet act differently.

• The environment could influence how genes are expressed, changing how the animal looks and acts.

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The diagram indicates a few of the many varieties of domestic dogs thought to have originated from wolves that were domesticated thousands of years ago. The many varieties of domesticated dogs were most likely produced as a result of

• mutating the body cells of the dogs

• selective breeding over many generations

• genetic engineering with specific enzymes

• cloning dogs with desirable traits

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Scientists have been investigating a way to recreate extinct species such as the saber-toothed cat illustrated. Which technique would use DNA from an extinct species to recreate an organism of the species?

• natural selection

• differentiation

• cloning

• selective breeding

Which activity enables humans to produce new genetic combinations in other organisms?

• selecting and breeding the organisms for specific traits

• increasing the number of enzymes available to the organisms

• growing organisms that reproduce asexually

• decreasing the amount of DNA in the diet of the organisms

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Farmers may someday clone their best milk-producing cow into a whole herd. What potential disadvantage might be important to consider in having such a large group of clones on one farm?

• It may be difficult to tell the animals apart

• Lack of variation may limit survival in the herd

• The cows could be fertilized by only one type of bull.

• The cows could be mated only with each other.

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A news release about production of farm-raised salmon contains the following information:

• The program is mating targeted fish to concentrate key traits in Atlantic salmon stocks.
• The three-year process includes spawning, tagging, and choice of parent fish.
• The fish are weighed, measured, and monitored to identify those with the best growth rates.
• The project examines the performance of fish to determine which fish to use to produce the next generation.

These statements indicate that the producers are attempting to improve salmon through the use of

• genetic engineering

• homeostatic feedback

• selective breeding

• natural selection

The photographs show different varieties of cattle and characteristics of each variety.Which statement best explains the development of variety C?

• Nuclei from body cells taken from variety A were inserted into egg cells lacking nuclei taken from variety B

• Selective breeding was used to combine desirable traits from both varieties A and B.

• The need to adapt to changes in the environment led to the selection of advantageous characteristics in the offspring of variety B.

• Mutations that occurred in the body cells of variety A were passed on to the offspring generation after generation

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A technique used to in cells is represented in the diagram. The genetic material contained in the nucleus of each of the new cells is most likely

• identical to that in the original egg cell

• 50% the same as the original egg cell and 50% the same as the original body cell

• identical to that in the original body cell

• 25% the same as the original egg cell and 75% the same as the original body cell

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Scientists have successfully cloned animals, including large mammals such as sheep. Which statement provides the most likely reason that a human has not yet been cloned?

• Humans have DNA that is structurally very different from other mammals.

• Cloning can only be performed on animals that normally reproduce asexually.

• Human genes are made of too many different types of simple sugars.

• Some people consider human genetic experiments unethical

In 1996, scientists cloned the first mammal, a sheep. This technique involved the removal of the nucleus from an egg cell. The nucleus from a cell of another adult sheep was then inserted into this egg cell. Once this cell began to develop into an embryo, it was implanted into a third female sheep that later gave birth to a healthy lamb, Dolly. Which statement concerning Dolly is correct?

• Her offspring would be genetically identical.

• Dolly and her DNA donor are genetically identical.

• Two different gametes were manipulated to produce Dolly

• Dolly was produced by the recombination of genetic material.

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