DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis and Cell Cycle

At what point in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why?

• before a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions
• before a cell divides, to ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells
• during cell division, to ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells
• after a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions 

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Which choice describes DNA after replication has taken place?

• one molecule with two original strands and one molecule with two new strands
• two molecules, each with one original and one new strand
• two molecules, each with two new strands
•  two molecules, each with two old strands

The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment? 

• 4
• 8
• 12
• 20

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Which of the following would most likely cause a mutation?

•  the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum
• the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA
• the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus
•  the release of messenger RNA from DNA

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 A diagram of a cellular process is shown below. Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?

• Translation
• Translocation
• Replication
• Transcription

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Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis? 

• mRNA
• rRNA
• tRNA
• nRNA

Base your answer to the following question on the structures represented in the diagram below. What is the relationship between these three structures?

•  DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell.
• Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell.
• DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
•  The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.

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Genes for medically important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the diagram below. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?

•  DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same.
• . Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells. 
• The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.
• Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same kind of chromosomes.

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The molecule represented is found in living things. Which statement describes one characteristic of this molecule?

• It is the template for the replication of genetic information
• Organic catalysts are made up of these molecules
• ) It is different in each cell of an organism
• Cell membranes contain many of these molecules.

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The diagram below represents a portion of a DNA molecule. The letters represent different types of 

• sugar molecules
• nitrogen bases
• enzymes
• proteins

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