ROUND 1 - History & Culture

In which year did Captain James Cook first land in Australia?

• 1770
• 1788

• 1765

• 1755

Answer explanation

Captain James Cook's first landing in Australia occurred in 1770 during his voyage aboard the HMS Endeavour. On April 19, Cook and his crew sighted the eastern coastline of Australia near Point Hicks, making them the first recorded Europeans to do so.

Which city is the capital of Australia?

• Sydney

• Canberra

• Melbourne

• Perth

Answer explanation

Canberra was established as the capital of Australia in 1913, designed specifically for this purpose. The city was planned by American architect Walter Burley Griffin and his wife, Marion Mahony Griffin, who envisioned a garden city that would reflect Australia's unique landscape. Today, Canberra houses important national institutions such as Parliament House and the High Court, serving as the political heart of Australia

What is the name of the famous rock formation located in central Australia?

• Uluru (Ayers Rock)

• The Great Barrier Reef

• The Blue Mountains

• The Pinnacles

Answer explanation

Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, is a massive sandstone monolith located in Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park in central Australia. It is one of Australia's most iconic landmarks and holds great spiritual significance for the indigenous Anangu people, who have lived in the area for thousands of years. The rock formation is renowned for its stunning color changes throughout the day, particularly at sunrise and sunset. Visitors are encouraged to respect its cultural importance by not climbing it, as it is considered sacred by its traditional owners.

Source : https://uluru.gov.au/discover/history/

 What is the name of the indigenous Australians people?

• Maori

• Aboriginal

• Torres Strait Islander

• Torres Strait Islander

Answer explanation

The term "Aboriginal" refers to the diverse groups of Indigenous peoples who have inhabited Australia for over 65,000 years. Aboriginal cultures are rich and varied, with over 250 distinct language groups existing prior to European colonization. These communities have deep spiritual connections to their land and maintain traditions that have been passed down through generations.

What is the name of the first British colony established in Australia?

• Sydney Cove

• New South Wales

• Western Australia

• Queensland

Answer explanation

New South Wales was established as the first British colony in Australia in 1788 when Captain Arthur Phillip arrived at Botany Bay with a fleet of ships carrying convicts and settlers. This marked the beginning of British colonization on the continent. The colony was initially intended as a penal settlement but eventually grew into a thriving community that laid the foundation for modern Australian society. Sydney, located within New South Wales, became a major urban center and continues to be one of Australia's largest cities today.

Who was the first governor of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT)?

• Elias Tari

• William Johanes Lalamentik

• Herman Musakabe

• Frans Lebu Raya

Answer explanation

William Johanes Lalamentik was the first Governor of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), serving from December 20, 1958, to July 12, 1966. Born in Kakas, Minahasa, North Sulawesi, on March 2, 1913, he passed away in Jakarta on May 7, 1985. As governor, Lalamentik made significant contributions to the province, including establishing the Province of NTT, promoting regional development, and fostering national unity, leaving a lasting legacy in the region.

Source : https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Johanes_Lalamentik

What is the name of the kingdom that once existed on the Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT)?

• Kingdom of Sumba

• Kingdom of Kataka

• Kingdom of Kabokang

• Kingdom of Wehali

Answer explanation

The Kingdom of Wehali was a traditional kingdom that once existed on the island of Timor, specifically in what is now East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) province, Indonesia. Wehali was a major kingdom on the island, known for its rich cultural heritage and traditional practices. According to historical records, the Kingdom of Wehali was a powerful and influential kingdom that played a significant role in the island's history, particularly during the 17th to 19th centuries. The kingdom was known for its skilled warriors, rich gold and sandalwood resources, and strategic location, which made it an important center of trade and commerce. The Kingdom of Wehali was also a major player in the regional politics of the time, forming alliances and engaging in conflicts with other kingdoms and colonial powers. Despite its significant history, the Kingdom of Wehali eventually declined and was absorbed into the Dutch colonial administration. Today, the legacy of the Kingdom of Wehali continues to be celebrated and remembered by the people of Timor and NTT province.

Source:

"Sejarah Nusa Tenggara Timur" (History of East Nusa Tenggara) by Dr. H. M. N. Soedarisman, published by Penerbit Kanisius, 2001.

Who wrote the novel "Max Havelaar", a critique of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia?

• Multatuli

• Pramoedya Ananta Toer

• Chairil Anwar

• Umar Kayam

Answer explanation

The novel "Max Havelaar" was written by Multatuli, the pen name of Eduard Douwes Dekker, a Dutch colonial official. Published in 1859, the novel is a scathing critique of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia, exposing the exploitative and oppressive practices of the Dutch colonial government. Through the story of Max Havelaar, a Dutch colonial official who rebels against the system, Multatuli sheds light on the suffering of the indigenous people under colonial rule and advocates for reform.
Source : https://historibersama.com

What is the name of the first Islamic kingdom in Indonesia?

• Demak Kingdom

• Pajang Kingdom

• Mataram Kingdom

• Samudera Pasai Kingdom

Answer explanation

The Samudera Pasai Kingdom was the first Islamic kingdom in Indonesia, established in the 13th century in what is now the province of Aceh. Founded by Sultan Malik al-Saleh, the kingdom played a significant role in the spread of Islam throughout the Indonesian archipelago. As a major trading center, Samudera Pasai attracted Muslim merchants and scholars from the Middle East and India, who helped to establish Islam as a dominant force in the region. The kingdom's legacy can still be seen in the rich Islamic heritage and traditions of Aceh and the surrounding regions.

Source : https://id.wikipedia.org

Who is the national hero of Indonesia who led the resistance against the Dutch in Aceh?

• Cut Nyak Dien

• Cut Nyak Meutia

• Teuku Cik di Tiro

• Sultan Hasanuddin

Answer explanation

Cut Nyak Dhien is the national hero of Indonesia who led the resistance against the Dutch in Aceh. Born in 1848 in Aceh Besar, she was a skilled guerrilla leader who fought against the Dutch for 25 years, following the death of her husband Teuku Umar. She was a key figure in the Aceh War, using tactics like ambushes and traps to attack the Dutch. Despite being captured and exiled to Sumedang, West Java, Cut Nyak Dhien's legacy lived on, and she was posthumously awarded the title of National Hero of Indonesia on May 2, 1964.

Source : https://military-history.fandom.com/