Midterm Review

How did the Enlightenment idea of freedom of speech affect human rights and justice?

• It allowed judges to sentence criminals to longer prison terms.

• It allowed governments to arrest those that harm the environment.

• It allowed people to protest against government corruption.

• It allowed businesses to demand lower taxes to make more jobs available.

King Louis XIV of France in 1685 revoked the Edict of Nantes. By revoking the edict, he outlawed Protestantism and only allowed Catholicism to be practiced in France.

How did the king’s actions violate the ideas and teachings of the Enlightenment?

• It violated the Enlightenment ideas of religious freedom and tolerance.

• It violated the Enlightenment ideas of natural rights.

• It violated the Enlightenment idea that absolute monarchs should rule.

• It violated the Enlightenment idea of separation of powers. 

Why would the Enlightenment idea of “all men are created equal” threaten absolute monarchs in the 17th and 18th centuries?

• The king would lose authority as he would not longer have alliances. 

• The common people would use these new ideas to challenge the authority of the king.

• The nobles would use this idea to form rebellion against the king and try to seize power.

• The clergy (priests) would kick the king out of the church and his people would desert him.

How did the Protestant Reformation impact Europe and the Catholic Church?

• It led to the complete destruction of the Catholic Church.

• It led to the breakup of the Catholic Church in Europe. 

• It led to the establishment of the Pope as leader in Europe. 

• It led to the creation of theocracies across Europe. 

What statement from John Locke influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence?

• Locke stated, “The general will rule in society as the private will govern each separate individual.”

• Locke stated, “Education begins the gentleman, but reading, good company, and reflection must finish him.” 

• Locke stated, “...that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions.”

• Locke stated, “New opinions are always suspected, and usually opposed, with the only reason being they are not common.”

During the Industrial Revolution, capitalism was born. How did capitalism change the way people lived and worked?

• Under capitalism, all economic activity was focused in the state capitals and was run by the government.

• Under capitalism, factory workers received subsidized payment in cattle, flour, and other goods instead of a wage. 

• Capitalism led to equality among social groups as workers shared equally in the profits and success of the factory.

• Capitalism led to people leaving rural, farm areas to work in factories where they received wages to pay for goods and services. 

How did economic competition during the Industrial Revolution impact technological innovations?

• Technological innovations improved as factory owners wanted to improve working conditions. 

• Both innovation and competition decreased because work was mainly done inside the home.

• Both innovation and competition decreased because factory owners wanted to save money. 

• Technological innovations improved as factory owners wanted to maximize profit. 

Which of the following motivated the Portuguese and Spanish to establish water routes to Asia’s spice markets?

• They wanted to discover new continents, food, plants, and animals.

• They wanted to decrease the number of navigators and shipbuilders.

• They wanted to avoid land routes that were controlled by Muslim traders.

• They wanted to experiment with new technology such as the compass.

Scientists during the Scientific Revolution faced many pressures from society, especially in regards to the Church and its beliefs.

Since the Church was in charge of much of the government during this time, how did the Church deal with these scientists?

• The church ignored the scientists because science and religion were considered separate. 

• The church labeled the scientists as heretics for challenging the church’s authority. 

• The church claimed that science actually supported the ideas of religious authority.

• The church worked with the scientists to form a government built on reason.

During the 1800s, what were the results of labor reforms in Great Britain, France, and other European countries?

• The creation of government-owned factories, five-year plans, and immigration limits.

• The ban of overseas trading, mandatory military service, and universal suffrage for women.

• The formation of private companies, greater equality for men, and establishment of a banking system.

• The legalizing of trade unions, minimum wages, and child labor reforms.