Front

In Pavlov’s experiment, the tone (or bell) was initially a __________ stimulus.

Back

Neutral

Front

What happens when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?

Back

Extinction

Front

The process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.

Back

Learning, learning, Learn, learn

Front

An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.

Back

Shaping

Front

What happens when an organism learns that it has no control over unpleasant situations?

Back

Learned helplessness

Front

Which of the following is a type of behavior that is learned through classical conditioning? Avoiding a punishment, Seeking a reward, Copying a model’s behavior

Back

Salivating at the sight of food

Front

What kind of learning occurs when there is no reinforcement, but the knowledge is later demonstrated?

Back

Latent learning

Front

What is an example of negative reinforcement? Options: Giving praise for completing homework, Taking an aspirin to relieve a headache, Removing a toy for misbehavior, Providing a reward for good behavior

Back

Taking an aspirin to relieve a headache

Front

Which of the following is true about operant behavior?
Options:
It is a natural response to an external stimulus,
It operates on the environment to produce consequences,
It is learned through observation,
It is only reinforced by positive stimuli

Back

It operates on the environment to produce consequences

Front

What is a major limitation of the early behaviorist theories of conditioning? Options: Ignoring the role of reinforcement in learning, Dismissing the importance of cognitive processes, Overemphasizing the role of the unconditioned stimulus, Focusing too much on observable behavior only

Back

Dismissing the importance of cognitive processes