Exploring Carbon Compounds

What is the general formula for alkanes?

• CnH2n

• C(n-1)H(2n-1)

• C2nH2n

• CnH(2n+2)

Define the term 'functional group' in organic chemistry.

• A functional group is a type of chemical bond between two atoms.

• A functional group is a category of organic compounds based on their molecular weight.

• A functional group is a molecule that has no effect on chemical reactions.

• A functional group is a specific group of atoms in a molecule that determines its chemical properties and reactions.

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

• Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds; unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds.

• Saturated hydrocarbons contain only carbon; unsaturated hydrocarbons contain oxygen.

• Saturated hydrocarbons are always gases; unsaturated hydrocarbons are always liquids.

• Saturated hydrocarbons have higher boiling points than unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Name the simplest alkene and its molecular formula.

• Ethene (C2H4)

• Cyclohexene (C6H10)

• Butene (C4H8)

• Propene (C3H6)

What type of bond is present in carbon-carbon double bonds?

• One pi bond and one delta bond

• One sigma bond and one pi bond

• Two sigma bonds

• One sigma bond

Explain the concept of isomerism in carbon compounds.

• Isomerism is the phenomenon where compounds have different molecular formulas.

• Isomerism is the process of breaking down carbon compounds into simpler substances.

• Isomerism is the existence of compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures or spatial arrangements.

• Isomerism refers to the ability of carbon to form multiple bonds.

What are the main types of isomers?

• Cis-trans isomers and enantiomers

• Geometric isomers and optical isomers

• Structural isomers and stereoisomers.

• Functional isomers and tautomeric isomers

Describe the structure of benzene and its significance.

• Benzene is a stable aromatic compound with a hexagonal ring structure and delocalized electrons, significant for its role in organic chemistry and as a precursor to many chemical compounds.

• Benzene is a linear molecule with a triple bond structure.

• Benzene is a reactive aliphatic compound with a branched chain structure.

• Benzene is a saturated compound with a square shape and single bonds.

What is a carbonyl group and where is it found?

• A carbonyl group is a single bond between carbon and oxygen found in alcohols.

• A carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to an oxygen atom found in esters.

• A carbonyl group is a functional group with a carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms found in carboxylic acids.

• A carbonyl group is a functional group with a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, found in compounds like aldehydes and ketones.

List two examples of carbon compounds that are used as fuels.

• Ethanol

• Methane, Gasoline

• Butane

• Propane