Front

What factors can affect the initial rate of an enzyme reaction?

Back

Enzyme concentration, Substrate concentration, Temperature, pH - All of the above.

Front

Which phase of photosynthesis produces organic sugars?

Back

The Calvin cycle.

Front

How does a competitive inhibitor affect an enzyme's function?

Back

It binds to the active site, preventing the enzyme from catalyzing the reaction.

Front

What is a control in scientific experiments?

Back

A test that does not have the independent variable, to show a baseline with no reaction.

Front

Why is chemiosmosis important to cellular respiration?

Back

It is the force that powers ATP synthase.

Front

Define enzyme concentration.

Back

The amount of enzyme present in a reaction, which can influence the rate of the reaction.

Front

What is substrate concentration?

Back

The amount of substrate available for the enzyme to catalyze, affecting the reaction rate.

Front

Explain the role of temperature in enzyme activity.

Back

Temperature affects enzyme shape and activity; too high or too low can denature the enzyme.

Front

What is pH's effect on enzyme function?

Back

Enzymes have optimal pH ranges; deviations can reduce activity or denature the enzyme.

Front

Describe the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Back

The phase that captures sunlight to produce ATP and NADPH, occurring in the thylakoid membranes.