2 History of PR

Who proposed the four models of Public Relations in 1984?

• Ivy Ledbetter Lee

• James E. Gruning and Todd Hunt

• Phineas T. Barnum

• Edward L. Bernays

What is the focus of the Press Agentry/Publicity Model?

• Mutual understanding

• Honest dissemination of information

• Modify attitudes and influence behaviors

• Dissemination and attention-getting

Which model emphasizes accurate information and was used in the early 1900s?

• Two-Way Asymmetric Model

• Press Agentry Model

• Public Information Model

• Two-Way Symmetric Model

Who is known as the 'Father of Modern Public Relations'?

• Edward L. Bernays

• Ivy Ledbetter Lee

• Phineas T. Barnum

• James E. Gruning

What is the nature of communication in the Two-Way Asymmetric Model?

• One-way communication with feedback

• Two-way communication with balanced effects

• Two-way communication with unbalanced effects

• One-way communication

Which model focuses on mutual understanding and conflict resolution?

• Two-Way Asymmetric Model

• Press Agentry Model

• Two-Way Symmetric Model

• Public Information Model

What was a significant contribution of Ivy Ledbetter Lee?

• Creating newsworthy stories

• Aligning business with public interest

• Developing the Two-Way Symmetric Model

• Promoting celebrity events

What is the primary focus of the Two-Way Symmetric Model?

• Persuasion

• Mutual understanding

• Accurate information dissemination

• Attention-getting

Which era is characterized by the use of flowery language and exaggeration in PR?

• Information Era

• Relationship Era

• Publicity Era

• Advocacy Era

What is a current trend in public relations ?

• Decreased importance of ethics

• Reduction of digital communication

• Emphasis on Corporate Social Responsibility

• Focus on one-way communication