Quiz about Genetics and Molecular Biology Quiz

Question 1

What is the hereditary material of most organisms?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Chromosomes

Question 2

What is DNA responsible for in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Directing protein synthesis

Answer

Storing energy

Answer

Regulating cell division

Answer

Providing immunity

Question 3

What controls the intermediate steps involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Answer

DNA

Answer

Chromosomes

Answer

Genes

Question 4

What are genes?

Accepted Answer

Segments of DNA that code for specific proteins

Answer

Protein molecules

Answer

Segments of RNA

Answer

Structures that store chromosomes

Question 5

Where are genes located?

Accepted Answer

On chromosomes

Answer

In the cytoplasm

Answer

On histone proteins

Answer

In mitochondria

Question 6

How do offspring inherit traits?

Accepted Answer

From their parents' DNA

Answer

From environmental factors

Answer

Through RNA molecules

Answer

Through protein synthesis

Question 7

What is contained in chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Genes

Answer

Proteins

Question 8

What is the structure of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Tightly coiled DNA wrapped around histone proteins

Answer

Linear RNA molecules wrapped around DNA

Answer

Proteins coiled around RNA

Answer

Circular DNA and proteins

Question 9

Why is the DNA in chromosomes tightly coiled?

Accepted Answer

To allow regulation of genes

Answer

To increase gene expression

Answer

To prevent mutations

Answer

To make protein synthesis faster

Question 10

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Accepted Answer

46

Answer

23

Answer

78

Answer

12

Question 11

How many chromosomes do dogs have?

Accepted Answer

78

Answer

46

Answer

23

Answer

52

Question 12

What type of chromosomes do prokaryotic organisms like bacteria have?

Accepted Answer

A single circular chromosome

Answer

Many linear chromosomes

Answer

Several linear chromosomes

Answer

No chromosomes

Question 13

What type of chromosomes do eukaryotic organisms have?

Accepted Answer

Many linear chromosomes

Answer

A single circular chromosome

Answer

No chromosomes

Answer

Two circular chromosomes

Question 14

What are genes made up of?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 15

What is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity?

Accepted Answer

Genes

Answer

Chromosomes

Answer

RNA

Answer

Protein

Question 16

What does a gene contain instructions to make or regulate?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

DNA

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 17

Where are genes typically found in the DNA?

Accepted Answer

In regions with unknown function

Answer

In ribosomes

Answer

In mitochondria

Answer

In the cytoplasm

Question 18

What is the estimated number of genes humans have?

Accepted Answer

25,000

Answer

5,000

Answer

100,000

Answer

1,000

Question 19

What are the two types of functions genes can have?

Accepted Answer

Structural and Regulatory

Answer

Regulatory and Protein

Answer

Structural and Functional

Answer

Protein and Cellular

Question 20

What do structural genes do?

Accepted Answer

Convert into RNA messages

Answer

Control gene expression

Answer

Build structures directly

Answer

Regulate RNA

Question 21

What is the RNA message that structural genes produce called?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Answer

tRNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

Ribosomal RNA

Question 22

What decodes the mRNA produced by structural genes?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nuclei

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 23

What do ribosomes assemble mRNA into?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

Genes

Answer

Lipids

Answer

RNA

Question 24

What is the role of regulatory genes?

Accepted Answer

Control the expression of structural genes

Answer

Produce proteins

Answer

Form ribosomes

Answer

Break down DNA

Question 25

How do regulatory genes control gene expression?

Accepted Answer

By turning on or off activity

Answer

By replicating DNA

Answer

By encoding proteins

Answer

By synthesizing RNA

Question 26

What do regulatory genes control in different cell types?

Accepted Answer

The expression of subsets of structural genes

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Ribosome activity

Answer

RNA breakdown

Question 27

What is a mutation?

Accepted Answer

A permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Answer

A temporary change in DNA

Answer

A type of protein

Answer

A form of RNA

Question 28

What is translation?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis after mRNA binds to a ribosome

Answer

The process of synthesizing RNA

Answer

The formation of DNA from RNA

Answer

The replication of DNA

Question 29

What is the template strand in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of bases used to form a complementary mRNA molecule

Answer

The strand that codes for proteins

Answer

A strand of RNA

Answer

A part of the ribosome

Question 30

What is keratin?

Accepted Answer

A tough protein made by epithelial keratinocytes

Answer

A type of sugar

Answer

A DNA molecule

Answer

A type of RNA

Question 31

What does deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contain?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information and directs protein synthesis

Answer

Proteins for synthesis

Answer

Sugar molecules

Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 32

What is the sugar portion of a deoxyribose nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose sugar

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Ribose

Answer

Fructose

Question 33

What are nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

The monomers used to build DNA and RNA

Answer

The building blocks of proteins

Answer

The enzymes in protein synthesis

Answer

The codons in mRNA

Question 34

What are codons?

Accepted Answer

Triplets of nucleotides that code for amino acids

Answer

Sequences of amino acids

Answer

Types of RNA

Answer

The sugar molecules in DNA

Question 35

What is a complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

A molecule of RNA synthesized from a DNA template

Answer

A part of the ribosome

Answer

A type of mutation

Answer

A sequence of amino acids

Question 36

What is an atom?

Accepted Answer

The basic unit of matter

Answer

A group of proteins

Answer

The building block of RNA

Answer

A part of a ribosome

Question 37

What is a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom

Answer

A strong covalent bond

Answer

A type of nucleotide

Answer

A bond between two amino acids

Question 38

What is transcription?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

Answer

The replication of DNA

Answer

The binding of mRNA to ribosomes

Answer

The production of proteins

Question 39

Why do not all cells express the same genes?

Accepted Answer

They make different proteins based on their needs

Answer

They do not have DNA

Answer

They only produce one type of protein

Answer

They are all the same

Question 40

What protein do skin cells produce?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Hemoglobin

Answer

Insulin

Question 41

What do regulatory genes do in different cell types?

Accepted Answer

They turn off genes not needed by the cell

Answer

They make the cell divide

Answer

They create proteins

Answer

They cause mutations

Question 42

What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

Accepted Answer

A macromolecule containing coded instructions for protein production

Answer

A protein that builds structures

Answer

A type of RNA

Answer

A sugar molecule

Question 43

What is the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A twisted ladder, or double helix

Answer

A single strand

Answer

A chain of amino acids

Answer

A circular shape

Question 44

What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate and deoxyribose sugar molecules

Answer

Proteins and RNA

Answer

Amino acids and sugars

Answer

Nucleotides and bases

Question 45

What are the rungs of the DNA ladder composed of?

Accepted Answer

Four nucleotide bases

Answer

Amino acids

Answer

Phosphates

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 46

What do the letters A, T, G, and C represent in DNA?

Accepted Answer

The four nucleotide bases

Answer

Types of proteins

Answer

Enzymes for protein synthesis

Answer

Types of amino acids

Question 47

What is a codon?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid or stop signal

Answer

A single nucleotide base

Answer

A protein

Answer

A ribosome

Question 48

How long can a gene for a specific protein be?

Accepted Answer

Thousands of codons long

Answer

A few nucleotides

Answer

Only one codon long

Answer

Hundreds of amino acids

Question 49

What does a gene end with?

Accepted Answer

A stop signal codon

Answer

An amino acid

Answer

A nucleotide base

Answer

A ribosome

Question 50

What are ribosomes responsible for?

Accepted Answer

Assembling proteins from amino acids

Answer

Synthesizing RNA

Answer

Producing energy for the cell

Answer

Replicating DNA

Question 51

How do ribosomes assemble proteins?

Accepted Answer

By using the order specified by codons in the gene

Answer

By reading the DNA directly

Answer

By creating amino acids

Answer

By activating regulatory genes

Question 52

What is the structure of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Two strands (or two sides of the ladder)

Answer

A single strand

Answer

A twisted circle

Answer

A single helix

Question 53

What is a mutation in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A mutation in DNA is a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence

Answer

A mutation in DNA is a method of cloning organisms.

Answer

A mutation in DNA is a type of protein synthesis.

Answer

A mutation in DNA is a process that repairs damaged genes.

Question 54

How can mutations occur?

Accepted Answer

Mutations can occur by substitution, deletion, or insertion of base pairs.

Answer

Mutations are always caused by genetic inheritance.

Answer

Mutations can only occur during cell division.

Answer

Mutations cannot be influenced by external factors.

Question 55

What is the general effect of most mutations?

Accepted Answer

Most mutations are harmless.

Answer

Most mutations are always harmful.

Answer

All mutations lead to beneficial traits.

Answer

Mutations have no effect on organisms.

Question 56

What happens when mutations lead to cell death or tumor formation?

Accepted Answer

Mutations can be harmful.

Answer

Mutations only affect the genetic material without causing any changes.

Answer

Mutations have no effect on cell behavior.

Answer

Mutations always result in healthy cell growth.

Question 57

How have cells evolved to handle damaged DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cells have evolved by evolving mechanisms for DNA repair.

Answer

Cells have developed a method to ignore damaged DNA.

Answer

Cells replicate damaged DNA to enhance genetic diversity.

Answer

Cells have evolved to eliminate all damaged DNA without repair.

Question 58

What is RNA's main role?

Accepted Answer

To carry instructions from DNA for protein synthesis.

Answer

To provide structural support in cells.

Answer

To catalyze biochemical reactions.

Answer

To store genetic information.

Question 59

How many types of RNA are required for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

3 types of RNA

Answer

2 types of RNA

Answer

4 types of RNA

Answer

5 types of RNA

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 61

What sugar does RNA contain?

Accepted Answer

ribose

Answer

sucrose

Answer

fructose

Answer

glucose

Question 62

What base replaces thymine in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Adenine

Question 63

What is the base pairing in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with U, and C pairs with G.

Answer

A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.

Answer

A pairs with U, and T pairs with G.

Answer

A pairs with U, and C pairs with A.

Question 64

What are the two stages of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and Translation

Answer

Replication and Transcription

Answer

Translation and Folding

Answer

Transcription and Modification

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