Microbial biotechnology

Many species of bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics because antibiotics have been so widely used. Now, bacteria that used to be killed by antibiotics are more difficult to treat. What is the best way to proceed in dealing with this public health problem?

• Antibiotics should no longer be used.

• Antibiotics should be made available to anyone without a prescription.

• Antibiotics should only be prescribed to people with bacterial infections

• Anti-viral medications should now be used instead of antibiotics.

If you want to isolate a particular gene from a plasmid or genome of an organism which of the following enzymes has to be used

• DNA polymerase

• Lysozyme

• DNA ligase

• restriction enzymes

Prokaryotes do not have

• DNA

• cell walls

• membrane bound organelles

• ribosomes

The "on/off" switch for an operon is called the

• promoter
• repressor
• operator
• gene

What is the name of the stretch of DNA where RNA polymerase binds?

• operator
• promoter
• enhancer
• origin

What is the role of operons in prokaryote gene expression?

• It makes the genes prokaryotes be turned on
• It accounts for the regulation of gene activity in response to the needs of the cells
• To make DNA for the gene
• To make the gene turn of and off

Operons are found in the cells of which of the following types of organisms?

• prokaryotes (bacteria)
• eukaryotes (plant and animals)
• animals only
• viruses

The production of mature mRNA in eukaryotes involves

• cutting introns out and spicing exons together
• adding the 5' cap
• adding the 3' poly A tail
• all of these are correct

The most important sequence in promoter for RNA polymerase II is 

• -10 sequence 
• -35 sequence
• TATA box
• Spacer sequence

Protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin

• Histones
• Whey
• Casein
• Hemoglobin