Dement and Kleitman Study Quiz

How did Dement and Kleitman test the relationship between eye movements and dream content?

• By asking participants to describe dreams after waking

• By recording brainwave activity during REM sleep

• By comparing REM patterns to nREM sleep

• By measuring dream recall using self-reports

What did Dement and Kleitman conclude about the relationship between dream duration and REM sleep?

• REM length had no correlation with dream estimates

• Participants’ estimates of dream duration matched REM sleep length

• Dream duration was shorter in REM sleep than nREM sleep

• Dream recall improved with REM sleep interruptions

What physiological data did Dement and Kleitman use to identify REM sleep?

• Body temperature changes

• Eye movement patterns

• Heart rate variability

• Participant brain scans

How did Dement and Kleitman ensure the reliability of their data?

• By using a repeated measures design

• By waking participants randomly

• By comparing male and female sleep patterns

• By observing brain activity through MRI

Which of the following was a key limitation of Dement and Kleitman’s study?

• The small sample size reduces generalizability

• Participants were not monitored for brain activity

• They could not establish differences between REM and nREM

• Results were based solely on self-reports

What did Holzel et al. identify as a key outcome of mindfulness training?

• Decreased amygdala activity in response to stress

• Structural changes in the prefrontal cortex

• Improved dream recall during REM sleep

• Reduced reliance on procedural memory

How long did participants undergo mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training in Holzel et al.’s study?

• 4 weeks

• 6 weeks

• 8 weeks

• 12 weeks

Why did Holzel et al. focus on changes in hippocampal volume?

• It is linked to memory and stress regulation

• It controls automatic body responses

• It processes visual-spatial information

• It regulates REM sleep cycles

What was a key difference between the control group and experimental group in Holzel et al.’s study?

• Experimental participants engaged in physical activity

• Experimental participants underwent MBSR training

• Control participants attended weekly group therapy

• Control participants practiced daily mindfulness at home

What is the significance of Holzel et al.'s findings for mental health treatments?

• Brain plasticity can be enhanced through mindfulness training

• Stress is primarily reduced through physical exercise

• Sleep patterns improve with mindfulness techniques

• Brain changes only occur after long-term meditation practice