Statistics Reasoning Final Exam

Front

What is the definition of cumulative relative frequency?

Back

Cumulative relative frequency is the sum of the relative frequencies for all values up to a certain point in a data set, showing the proportion of observations that fall below that point.

Front

What does a standardized score (z-score) represent?

Back

A standardized score (z-score) indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean of the data set.

Front

What is the formula for calculating probability?

Back

Probability = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total number of possible outcomes).

Front

What is an experiment in statistics?

Back

An experiment is a study where subjects are given treatments and their responses are measured and recorded.

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What is a valid statistical question?

Back

A valid statistical question anticipates variability in the data and can be answered by collecting data.

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What is a convenience sample?

Back

A convenience sample is a type of non-probability sampling where subjects are selected because of their easy availability and proximity to the researcher.

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What is the difference between a population and a sample?

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A population includes all members of a specified group, while a sample is a subset of the population used to gather information.

Front

What is the purpose of a probability model?

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A probability model provides a mathematical description of a random phenomenon, outlining the possible outcomes and their associated probabilities.

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What is the significance of the average in a data set?

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The average (mean) provides a measure of central tendency, summarizing the data with a single value that represents the center of the distribution.

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What is the role of summary statistics?

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Summary statistics provide a concise overview of the main characteristics of a data set, including measures like mean, median, mode, and standard deviation.