AP Stats Semester 1 Review Warm Up #1

Front

What is confounding in experimental design?

Back

Confounding occurs when two or more variables are intertwined, making it difficult to determine the individual effect of each variable on the outcome.

Front

What is the purpose of using a control group in an experiment?

Back

A control group serves as a baseline to compare the effects of the experimental treatment, helping to isolate the effect of the independent variable.

Front

What does the term 'residual' mean in statistics?

Back

A residual is the difference between the observed value and the predicted value from a regression model.

Front

How do you calculate the mean of a data set?

Back

The mean is calculated by summing all the values in the data set and dividing by the number of values.

Front

What is the standard deviation and what does it indicate?

Back

Standard deviation measures the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values; a low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean.

Front

What is the significance of percentiles in statistics?

Back

Percentiles indicate the relative standing of a value within a data set, showing the percentage of data points that fall below that value.

Front

What is a linear regression line?

Back

A linear regression line is a straight line that best fits the data points in a scatterplot, representing the relationship between two variables.

Front

What does it mean for a distribution to be normally distributed?

Back

A normally distributed data set has a symmetric bell-shaped curve, where most of the observations cluster around the mean.

Front

What is the difference between mean and median?

Back

The mean is the average of all values, while the median is the middle value when the data set is ordered.

Front

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in statistics?

Back

Hypothesis testing is used to determine whether there is enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis in favor of an alternative hypothesis.