Front

What are the four main processes involved in signal transduction pathways?

Back

1. Reception 2. Transduction 3. Amplification 4. Response

Front

What is the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?

Back

Reception → Transduction → Amplification → Response

Front

What type of signaling involves hormones?

Back

Endocrine signaling.

Front

What is a synapse?

Back

A synapse is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to communicate.

Front

What factors determine whether a signal molecule binds on the surface or enters the cell?

Back

Size, polarity, and ability to cross the membrane.

Front

What role do second messengers play in cell signaling?

Back

They relay messages from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm.

Front

Define signal transduction.

Back

Signal transduction is the process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events.

Front

What is the difference between autocrine and paracrine signaling?

Back

Autocrine signaling is when a cell signals to itself, while paracrine signaling is when a cell signals to nearby cells.

Front

What is the function of receptors in cell signaling?

Back

Receptors bind to signaling molecules and initiate a cellular response.

Front

What is amplification in the context of signal transduction?

Back

Amplification is the process by which a small number of signaling molecules can produce a large response in the cell.