AP Biology: Experimental Design

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What is the null hypothesis in an experiment?

Back

The null hypothesis is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as a starting point for statistical testing.

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What is a control group in an experiment?

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A control group is a baseline group that does not receive the experimental treatment, allowing for comparison with the treatment group.

Front

What is the purpose of an experimental group?

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The experimental group is the group that receives the treatment or intervention being tested.

Front

How do you determine if the null hypothesis can be rejected?

Back

If the results show a statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups, the null hypothesis can be rejected.

Front

What is the significance of sample size in an experiment?

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A larger sample size increases the reliability of the results and reduces the margin of error.

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What is the role of variables in an experiment?

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Variables are factors that can change in an experiment; they can be independent (manipulated) or dependent (measured).

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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

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Qualitative data describes characteristics or qualities, while quantitative data involves numerical measurements.

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What is a hypothesis?

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A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.

Front

What is the importance of replication in experiments?

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Replication ensures that results are consistent and not due to random chance.

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What is a confounding variable?

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A confounding variable is an outside influence that can affect the results of an experiment, leading to erroneous conclusions.