Part 2 substance dualism

David Chalmers coined the terms 'easy' and 'hard' problems of consciousness. Which was the hard problem of consciousness'?

• How to identify what the brain’s component parts actually do, e.g. the hippocampus is almost certainly where our memories get formed.

• How is it that neurological functions bring about conscious, subjective experiences at all?   

In explaining the term 'qualia' (the qualitative nature of subjective experiences) Thomas Nagel wondered what is would be like to be 'what'?

• A dog

• A rat

• A bat

• Ryan Reynolds

Franz Brentano's term 'intentionality' refers to what?

• 'who-ness'

• 'what-ness'

• 'why-ness'

• 'aboutness'

Which two of these refer to 'phenomenology' and 'phenomena'?

• The branch of philosophy which studies knowledge

• The branch of philosophy which studies experience

• Knowledge content

• Experiential content

Which of these positions on the mind could be considered a type of 'monism'?

• Dualism

• Physicalism

In disputing Descartes' premise 'The body is divisible', which of these tiny units of matter did we consider might be the best candidate for being indivisible?

• Atoms

• Protons

• Quarks

• Quantum strings

Which of these was NOT a part of Descartes' conceivability argument?

• •P1. I can imagine my mind existing without my body existing.

• •P2. If I can imagine one thing (x) existing, without another thing (y) existing, then they (x and y) can’t be the same thing.

• •P2. If I can imagine one thing (x) existing, without another thing (y) existing, then they (x and y) must be the same thing.

• •C. Therefore, the mind and body are not the same thing (they’re separate substances).

The masked man fallacy argued that conceivability might not prove identity as one can imagine some identical things as 'distinct' when they actually aren't. Which of these superheroes has the WRONG alter ego?

• Peter Parker and Spiderman

• Bruce Banner and Batman

• Clark Kent and Superman

• Tony Stark and Ironman

Humanity had long believed the morning and the evening star to be the same celestial body. Which planet did they both turn out to be identical to?

• Mercury

• Venus

• Mars

• Jupiter

Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia criticised substance dualism by arguing different substances could not interact. How did Descartes defend his theory against her? (2 answers)

• He changed his mind and became a materialist

• He started to argue for idealism instead

• He thought she wrongly assumed causation could only work on the model of how physical things causally interact

• He believed the mind/soul interacted with the body via the Pineal gland in the brain