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What is sustainable urban development?

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Sustainable urban development refers to the planning and development of urban areas in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It focuses on environmental protection, social equity, and economic viability.

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What are the key stages of sustainable urban development?

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The key stages include exploration, discovery, development, production, and reclamation.

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What is subsurface mining?

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Subsurface mining is a method of extracting minerals or resources from beneath the earth's surface, typically involving the creation of tunnels or shafts.

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How does subsurface mining compare to surface mining in terms of land disturbance?

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Subsurface mining disturbs approximately 1/10 of the land compared to surface mining.

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What is the most dangerous and expensive type of mining?

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Subsurface mining is considered the most dangerous and expensive type of mining due to the risks involved and the complexity of operations.

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What is acid mine drainage?

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Acid mine drainage is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines, often caused by the exposure of sulfide minerals to air and water, leading to the formation of sulfuric acid.

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What causes acid mine drainage?

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Acid mine drainage primarily comes from processing plants where minerals are extracted and processed.

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What is surface mining?

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Surface mining is a method of extracting minerals that involves removing soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit, making it less expensive and less dangerous than subsurface mining.

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What are the environmental impacts of surface mining?

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Surface mining can lead to habitat destruction, soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity.

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What is reclamation in the context of mining?

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Reclamation is the process of restoring land that has been disturbed by mining activities to a natural or economically usable state.