Science 8 Fall Exam Reivew

What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?

• Mantle

• Crust

• Inner core

• Outer core

Answer explanation

The outermost layer of the Earth is called the crust. It is the solid surface layer where we live, while the mantle, inner core, and outer core are located beneath it.

Which type of rock is formed from cooled magma or lava?

• Sedimentary rock

• Metamorphic rock

• Igneous rock

• Organic rock

Answer explanation

Igneous rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from sediment, and metamorphic rocks arise from existing rocks under heat and pressure, while organic rocks are derived from biological materials.

Which boundary occurs where two tectonic plates move away from each other?

• Convergent boundary

• Transform boundary

• Divergent boundary

• Fault boundary

Answer explanation

A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other, allowing magma to rise and create new crust. This is distinct from convergent boundaries, where plates collide, and transform boundaries, where they slide past each other.

Which layer of the Earth is directly beneath the crust?

• Outer core

• Inner core

• Mantle

• Lithosphere

Answer explanation

The layer directly beneath the Earth's crust is the mantle. It is a thick layer of semi-solid rock that extends to the outer core, while the outer and inner cores are located much deeper.

Which type of fault is characterized by horizontal movement?

• Normal fault

• Reverse fault

• Strike-slip fault

• Transform fault

Answer explanation

A strike-slip fault is characterized by horizontal movement, where two blocks of crust slide past each other. In contrast, normal and reverse faults involve vertical movement, while transform faults are a type of strike-slip fault.

What is the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle?

• Seafloor spreading

• Subduction

• Erosion

• Deposition

Answer explanation

The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is called subduction. This occurs when one tectonic plate moves under another, leading to geological activity.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

NGSS.HS-ESS2-1

Which type of rock is formed from the remains of plants and animals?

• Igneous rock

• Metamorphic rock

• Sedimentary rock

• Organic rock

Answer explanation

Sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation and compaction of organic materials, such as the remains of plants and animals. This distinguishes it from igneous and metamorphic rocks, which form through different processes.

What are the main layers of the Earth?

• Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

• Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Core

• Crust, Mantle, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere

• Crust, Outer Core, Inner Core, Lithosphere

Answer explanation

The main layers of the Earth are the Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner Core. This choice accurately represents the Earth's structure, while the other options include terms that refer to subdivisions or specific regions.

Which property is NOT used to identify minerals?

• Hardness

• Density

• Color

• Temperature

Answer explanation

Temperature is not a property used to identify minerals. In contrast, hardness, density, and color are key characteristics that help in mineral identification.

What is the cycle called that describes the formation and transformation of rocks?

• Water Cycle

• Carbon Cycle

• Rock Cycle

• Nitrogen Cycle

Answer explanation

The cycle that describes the formation and transformation of rocks is called the Rock Cycle. It illustrates how rocks change from one type to another through processes like weathering, erosion, and metamorphism.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3