Unit Review: Elements and the Periodic Table

Isra is analyzing the properties of several samples of elements to find out which sample is a metalloid. Which set of properties most likely belongs only to a metalloid?

• forms basic compounds and is a solid

• has a high luster and is very brittle

• is a gas and has low electrical conductivity

• is brittle and forms acidic compounds

Which statement describes the location of metalloids on the periodic table?

• The metalloids are located below metals and above nonmetals within a group.

• The metalloids are located below nonmetals and above metals within a group.

• The metalloids are located to the right of nonmetals and to the right of metals within a period.

• The metalloids are located to the left of nonmetals and to the left of metals within a period.

Which important change in electronic devices, such as televisions and computers, is a result of the use of metalloids as semiconductors?

• Electronic devices have become smaller.

• Electronic devices are now more brittle.

• Electronic devices now use more energy.

• Electronic devices have become more expensive.

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Atoms of arsenic (As) are often added to silicon (Si) in a process called doping to change the conductivity of the silicon. How does the addition of arsenic change the conductivity of silicon?

• An atom of arsenic has one fewer valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom gains an electron.

• An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom loses the electron.

• An atom of arsenic has one fewer valence electron and fewer electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom gains an electron.

• An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom loses the electron.

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Which is the property of nonmetals to evaporate easily?

• brittle

• dense

• liquid

• volatile

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What best describes the states of nonmetals when they are at room temperature?

• Most nonmetals are gaseous, but some are liquid or solid.

• All nonmetals are gaseous unless they bond with a metal.

• Most nonmetals are solids, but some are gaseous or liquid.

• All nonmetals are solid unless they bond with a metal.

These models show the electron structures of two different nonmetal elements. Which element is likely more reactive, and why?

• Element 1 is more reactive because it has fewer electron shells and is toward the top of its group on the periodic table.

• Element 1 is more reactive because it has more electrons in its valence shell and is farther to the right on the periodic table.

• Element 2 is more reactive because it does not have a valence shell close to the nucleus, so it will attract electrons

• Element 2 is more reactive because it does not have a full valence shell, so it will attract electrons.

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Sonya is studying a nonmetal element. She learns that the element is like other elements in its group because it can bond to form a salt or an acid. She also learns that the element is the most reactive element in its group. Which element is Sonya most likely studying?

• sulfur (S)

• neon (Ne)

• fluorine (F)

• iodine (I)

Which element is most likely to carry electric current easily?

• tin (Sn)

• sulfur (S)

• antimony (Sb)

• selenium (Se)

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Where are alkaline earth metals found on the periodic table?

• Group 1

• Group 2

• Groups 3-12

• Group 17