Cellular Respiration

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What is cellular respiration?

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Cellular respiration is a biochemical process in which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.

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What are the main stages of cellular respiration?

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The main stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain.

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What is glycolysis?

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Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm, where one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP.

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What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

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Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing for the production of a large amount of ATP.

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What is fermentation?

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Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+ from NADH, enabling the production of ATP without oxygen.

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What happens during aerobic respiration?

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During aerobic respiration, glucose is fully oxidized in the presence of oxygen, resulting in the production of carbon dioxide, water, and a significant amount of ATP.

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What is lactic acid fermentation?

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Lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in muscle cells when oxygen is scarce, leading to the production of lactic acid and a small amount of ATP.

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What are the products of glycolysis?

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The products of glycolysis are two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, and two molecules of NADH.

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What is the Krebs cycle?

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The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria, where pyruvate is further broken down, producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

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What is the electron transport chain?

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The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.