Vocabulary #5

Was the greatest of the Mughal emperors of India. He established separation of state and religion and opened government positions to members of all religions

• Akbar

• Boyar

• Cossacks

• Devshirme

Russian nobility. Were often advisors to the tsar and held significant influence over state decisions and policies

• Cossacks

• Gunpowder Empires

• Boyar

• Devshirme

Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Played a significant role in the expansion of Russian territory through their military prowess and exploration skills

• Cossacks

• Devshirme

• Gunpowder Empire

• Janissaries

A practice of the Ottoman Empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as Janissaries. They were of great importance to the Sultan because they owed him their absolute loyalty and became vital to his power

• Gunpowder Empires

• Devshirme

• Janissaries

• Manchus

The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires. They had strong military powers that utilized gunpowder and innovative artillery

• Gunpowder Empires

• Janissaries

• Manchus

• Millet System

Members of the Ottoman army, often slaves who were taken from Christian lands. They constituted the first modern standing army in Europe

• Manchus

• Millet System

• Mehmed II

• Janissaries

Peoples from northeastern Asia who founded Chia’s Qing dynasty. Successfully conquered China to become the last Chinese Dynasty

• Millet System

• Manchus

• Mehmed II

• Mughal Empire

Allowed non-Muslim communities to maintain their own legal systems and practices. Contributed to social stability by allowing diverse religious communities to govern themselves and maintain their cultural practices

• Millet System

• Mehmed II

• Mughal Empire

• Ottoman Empire

A prominent Ottoman sultan who reigned from 1444 to 1446 and then again from 1451 to 1481. He successfully led the Ottoman Empire to capture Constantinople in 1453

• Mehmed II

• Peter the Great

A Muslim Dynasty who ruled over a majority Hindu population. Significantly influenced trade dynamics in the Indian Ocean through its control over key ports and trade routes

• Mughal Empire

• Ottoman Empire

• Safavid Empire