4.5 Observational Studies and Experiments

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•
Mathematics
•
11th - 12th Grade
•
Hard
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1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is an observational study?
Back
An observational study is a type of research where the investigator observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating any variables. It aims to identify correlations or associations between variables.
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is an experiment in research?
Back
An experiment is a study in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables to determine their effect on a dependent variable, allowing for causal inferences.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the purpose of a placebo in experiments?
Back
A placebo is an inactive substance or treatment used to control for confounding variables, helping to ensure that the effects observed in an experiment are due to the treatment itself and not psychological factors.
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
How does random assignment contribute to the validity of an experiment?
Back
Random assignment helps ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, which minimizes bias and helps establish causality by controlling for confounding variables.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the difference between a controlled experiment and an observational study?
Back
A controlled experiment involves manipulation of variables and random assignment to groups, while an observational study involves observing and recording data without manipulation.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a confounding variable?
Back
A confounding variable is an external factor that may affect the results of a study, making it difficult to determine the true relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the significance of sample size in research studies?
Back
A larger sample size increases the reliability and validity of the study results, reducing the margin of error and increasing the power to detect true effects.
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