Unit 5: Biotechnology Flashcard

Front

What type of DNA fragment will move the farthest in a gel electrophoresis?

Back

Small

Front

What is the purpose of completing a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Back

Making many copies of genes quickly for research purposes.

Front

What is recombinant DNA?

Back

DNA that contains the genes from two different organisms spliced together.

Front

What is a GMO?

Back

An organism that has had its DNA modified by humans.

Front

What is gel electrophoresis?

Back

The practice of cutting DNA and separating it by the size of the pieces.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in PCR?

Back

To synthesize new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the template strand.

Front

What are the main steps of the polymerase chain reaction?

Back

Denaturation, annealing, and extension.

Front

How does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments?

Back

By applying an electric field that causes DNA fragments to migrate through a gel matrix based on size.

Front

What is the significance of using restriction enzymes in biotechnology?

Back

They cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the manipulation and splicing of DNA.

Front

What is the difference between a transgenic organism and a GMO?

Back

A transgenic organism specifically contains genes from another species, while a GMO may include any genetic modification.