Enlightenment Thinkers and Ideas

The video provides a comprehensive overview of the Enlightenment, highlighting its impact on European intellectual thought in the 18th century. It discusses the application of rational thinking to social and human institutions, emphasizing the contributions of key figures like Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot. The video also explores political ideas such as natural rights and the social contract, as well as economic theories by Adam Smith. Additionally, it addresses religious changes, including deism and skepticism, and the rise of personal religious experiences.

What was the primary focus of the Enlightenment movement?

• Promoting religious doctrines

• Expanding European territories

• Revolutionizing art and literature

• Applying rational thinking to social and human institutions

Which French philosophe argued for the separation of powers in government?

• Rousseau

• Montesquieu

• Diderot

• Voltaire

Voltaire was known for his criticism of which aspect of French society?

• Educational systems

• Military strategies

• Religious intolerance

• Economic policies

What did John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau agree upon regarding governance?

• The divine right of kings

• Natural rights and the social contract

• The importance of military power

• The necessity of a strong monarchy

Who challenged the gender inequality of the Enlightenment era?

• Marie Antoinette

• Mary Wollstonecraft

• Queen Elizabeth I

• Catherine the Great

What economic principle did Adam Smith advocate for?

• Barter system

• State-controlled economy

• Feudal economy

• Laissez-faire economics

What did the physiocrats advocate for in terms of economic policy?

• Protectionism

• Socialism

• Laissez-faire economics

• Government intervention

What is the main idea behind deism, as popularized by Voltaire?

• God actively intervenes in human affairs

• God created the universe but does not interfere

• There is no God

• Multiple gods control the universe

Which Enlightenment thinker is associated with skepticism?

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Adam Smith

• John Locke

• David Hume

What was the focus of the Methodist movement led by John Wesley?

• Personal religious experience

• Scientific advancement

• Economic development

• Political reform