Review Session - Long Test 1

Adaptation or Evolution

Carl has landed a new job which requires him to work the graveyard shift. Due to this, he has to force himself to sleep in the morning and be awake at night. Over time, his body has shifted to this new routine.

• Adaptation

• Evolution

Adaptation or Evolution

Due to exposure to a highly potent antibiotic, the population of bacteria in Nicole's body has decreased. However, her condition did not improve as the bacteria that survived reproduced. The new generation of bacteria in her body are all resistant to antibiotics.

• Adaptation

• Evolution

Adaptation or Evolution

The population of giraffes that existed before varied in their height. When their food source shifted from the grass to trees, the tall giraffes easily grabbed food from the trees while the short ones failed. This made the short ones hungry and eventually died. The tall ones survived and reproduced which resulted in the population of giraffes that we see today with each one having long neck and legs.

• Adaptation

• Evolution

Patterns of Evolution

Whales and hippopotamus are distant relatives. However, their bodies have evolved to suit their habitats. The whales evolved to live in the ocean, developing flippers, streamlined bodies, and tail flukes for swimming. Meanwhile, hippos retained their limbs which are suitable for wading and walking. Hippos stayed in a semi-aquatic, freshwater environment.

• Adaptive Radiation

• Coevolution

• Convergent Evolution

• Divergent Evolution

• Parallel Evolution

Patterns of Evolution

Cuckcoos and their host birds have a parasitic relationship. Cuckoo birds are known for laying their eggs in the nests of other bird species, which then raise the cuckoo chicks as their own. Host birds have evolved defenses against cuckoos, such as recognizing and ejecting foreign eggs. In turn, cuckoos evolve eggs that better mimic those of their host species.

• Adaptive Radiation

• Coevolution

• Convergent Evolution

• Divergent Evolution

• Parallel Evolution

Patterns of Evolution

Flying squirrels (rodents) in North America and sugar gliders (marsupials) in Australia are both gliding mammals with similar adaptations like skin flaps for gliding between trees. Although they are not closely related, both evolved these features to navigate forest canopies and evade predators.

• Adaptive Radiation

• Coevolution

• Convergent Evolution

• Divergent Evolution

• Parallel Evolution

Patterns of Evolution

After the extinction of the dinosaurs about 66 million years ago, mammals evolved into a wide range of forms and filled various ecological roles that dinosaurs once occupied. This led to the evolution of diverse species, including bats, whales, primates, and large herbivores.

• Adaptive Radiation

• Coevolution

• Convergent Evolution

• Divergent Evolution

• Parallel Evolution

Evidence Supporting Evolution
Which type of evidence for evolution is demonstrated by the similar bone structure of the human hand, the bat wing, and the whale flipper?

• Fossil Evidence

• Homologous Structures

• Analogous Structures

• Biogeography

Evidence Supporting Evolution
Which of these examples best illustrates an analogous structure?

• The wing of a bat and the wing of a bird

• The flipper of a dolphin and the forelimb of a dog

• The beak of a finch and the bek of a parrot

• The tailbone in humans and the tail in monkeys

Evidence Supporting Evolution
DNA analysis reveals that humans share approximately 98% of their DNA with chimpanzees. What type of evidence for evolution does this represent?

• Comparative Anatomy

• Comparative Embryology

• Fossil Evidence

• Biochemical Evidence