Exploring Transcription in Molecular Biology

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

• RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

• RNA polymerase replicates DNA before transcription.

• RNA polymerase transports amino acids to the ribosome.

• RNA polymerase breaks down RNA during transcription.

Describe the mechanism by which RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA.

• RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by replicating the RNA strand directly.

• RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by translating proteins into RNA sequences.

• RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by transcribing the DNA template into a complementary RNA strand.

• RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by degrading the DNA template.

What are transcription factors and how do they influence gene expression?

• Transcription factors are RNA molecules that directly synthesize proteins.

• Transcription factors are carbohydrates that store genetic information.

• Transcription factors are proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA and influencing transcription.

• Transcription factors are lipids that provide energy for cellular processes.

Explain the importance of the TATA box in transcription initiation.

• The TATA box prevents transcription from occurring.

• The TATA box is involved in DNA replication.

• The TATA box is essential for the binding of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II, enabling the initiation of transcription.

• The TATA box is a protein that enhances translation.

What is the process of mRNA capping and why is it necessary?

• mRNA capping is the addition of a poly-A tail to the 3' end of mRNA.

• mRNA capping is the addition of a 7-methylguanylate cap to the 5' end of mRNA, necessary for stability, translation, and nuclear export.

• mRNA capping is the process of translating mRNA into proteins.

• mRNA capping involves the removal of introns from pre-mRNA.

How does the addition of a 5' cap affect mRNA stability?

• The 5' cap destabilizes mRNA by attracting ribonucleases.

• The 5' cap increases mRNA stability by protecting it from degradation.

• The 5' cap has no effect on mRNA stability whatsoever.

• The 5' cap decreases mRNA stability by promoting degradation.

What are the different types of splicing mechanisms in eukaryotic cells?

• RNA editing

• Exon skipping

• Intron retention

• Constitutive splicing, Alternative splicing, Trans-splicing, Group II intron splicing

Describe the role of spliceosomes in mRNA splicing.

• Spliceosomes synthesize proteins directly from mRNA.

• Spliceosomes are responsible for DNA replication.

• Spliceosomes transport mRNA out of the nucleus.

• Spliceosomes play a crucial role in mRNA splicing by removing introns and joining exons to produce mature mRNA.

What is alternative splicing and how does it contribute to protein diversity?

• Alternative splicing is a process that prevents any protein production.

• Alternative splicing results in the degradation of mRNA.

• Alternative splicing contributes to protein diversity by allowing a single gene to produce multiple protein isoforms through the inclusion or exclusion of different exons.

• Alternative splicing only occurs in prokaryotes.

Explain the significance of polyadenylation in mRNA processing.

• Polyadenylation prevents mRNA from being translated.

• Polyadenylation is a process that occurs in prokaryotes.

• Polyadenylation is only important for DNA replication.

• Polyadenylation is significant for mRNA stability, nuclear export, and translation initiation.