Front

What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Back

ATP synthase is the enzyme responsible for generating ATP molecules during the electron transport chain (ETC) by using the proton gradient created by the movement of electrons.

Front

In the context of ATP production, what must happen to the bonds between which parts of the molecule to form ADP?

Back

The bonds between parts C and D of the ATP molecule must be broken to form ADP.

Front

What process do muscle cells switch to when oxygen levels are low during intense exercise?

Back

Muscle cells switch to anaerobic respiration when oxygen levels are low, allowing them to produce small amounts of ATP without oxygen.

Front

Which molecules are responsible for passing high-energy electrons into the electron transport chain?

Back

NADH and FADH2 are the molecules that pass high-energy electrons into the electron transport chain.

Front

What is oxidation in the context of cellular respiration?

Back

Oxidation is the loss of hydrogen or electrons during chemical reactions in cellular respiration.

Front

What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?

Back

The primary purpose of cellular respiration is to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP, which is used as energy currency by cells.

Front

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?

Back

The three main stages of cellular respiration are Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), and the Electron Transport Chain.

Front

How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration?

Back

Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP compared to aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen and produces more ATP.

Front

What is the significance of the proton gradient in the electron transport chain?

Back

The proton gradient created during the electron transport chain is essential for ATP synthesis, as it drives protons back through ATP synthase to generate ATP.

Front

What are the end products of glycolysis?

Back

The end products of glycolysis are 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH.