AP Stats Unit 3

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What is a voluntary response sample?

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A voluntary response sample is a type of sampling where individuals can choose to participate in a survey or poll, often leading to biased results because those who respond may have stronger opinions than the general population.

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What is the sample size in a survey?

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The sample size in a survey is the number of individuals or observations that are included in the study. It is crucial for determining the reliability and validity of the survey results.

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What is an experimental unit in a study?

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An experimental unit is the smallest division of experimental material such that any two units may receive different treatments. In the context of the apple tree study, the experimental units are the individual trees.

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What is a two-proportion z-test?

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A two-proportion z-test is a statistical test used to compare the proportions of two groups to determine if there is a significant difference between them.

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What is the difference between a prospective and retrospective observational study?

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A prospective observational study collects data going forward in time, while a retrospective observational study looks back at data that has already been collected.

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What is a cluster sample survey?

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A cluster sample survey is a sampling technique where the population is divided into clusters (groups), and entire clusters are randomly selected to be included in the sample.

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What does it mean to stratify a sample?

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Stratifying a sample involves dividing the population into subgroups (strata) based on shared characteristics, and then randomly sampling from each stratum to ensure representation.

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What is the importance of random assignment in experiments?

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Random assignment helps ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, which minimizes bias and allows for causal inferences.

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What is the purpose of conducting a survey?

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The purpose of conducting a survey is to gather information from a sample of individuals to make inferences about a larger population.

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What is bias in sampling?

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Bias in sampling occurs when certain members of the population are more likely to be selected than others, leading to results that do not accurately reflect the population.