Protein Synthesis Review

Which process is happening in this image?

• DNA is being replicated prior to cell division

• DNA is being transcribed into mRNA

• mRNA is being translated into amino acids

• Peptide bonds are joining amino acids into a polypeptide chain

Answer explanation

Notice the mRNA strand that is being made from DNA. This happens during transcription, which is the first step in protein synthesis.

During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase reads the DNA strand and builds a strand of mRNA that will be used for protein synthesis. Where does transcription occur in the cell?

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Both in the nucleus and cytoplasm

During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA and uses tRNA to create a chain of specific amino acids in an exact order. Where does translation occur in the cell?

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Both in the nucleus and cytoplasm

Transcribe the following DNA strand into mRNA.

TACGGTACTA

• ATGCATGAT

• AUGCCAUGAU

• CGUAACGUCG

• TACGGTACTA

Select the THREE choices that correctly describe RNA.

• Single-stranded

• Found in the nucleus and the cytoplasm

• Has the base Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T)

• Contains all of the organism's genes

Which process is occurring in this image?

• Translation of mRNA into amino acids and proteins

• Transcription of DNA into mRNA

• Replication of the DNA prior to cell division

• Immune cells defending against a virus

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Match each type of RNA with their function.

• Contains the codes used for translation

• tRNA

• Helps make the structure of the ribosome

• rRNA

• Carries amino acids to the ribosome

• mRNA

Use the codon chart to translate the following mRNA sequence into amino acids.

AUA CGA CCU UUA

• Val - Arg - Leu - Leu

• Met - Gln - Leu - Phe

• Ile - Arg - Pro - Leu

What is the main outcome of transcription?

• The strand of DNA is copied

• mRNA is read to make a chain of amino acids

• A strand of mRNA is formed

What is the main outcome of translation?

• The strand of DNA is copied

• mRNA is read to make a chain of amino acids

• A strand of mRNA is formed