Chemistry Combined Science

Which of the following best describes the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids, and gases?

• Solids have definite shape and volume, liquids have definite volume but no definite shape, and gases have no definite shape or volume.

• Solids, liquids, and gases all have no definite shape or volume.

• Solids and liquids have no definite shape, while gases have definite volume.

• Solids have no definite shape or volume, while liquids and gases have definite shapes.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the arrangement and motion of particles in solids, liquids, and gases?

• In solids, particles are close together, in a regular pattern, and only vibrate in place; in liquids, particles are further apart and move past each other; in gases, particles are far apart and move rapidly in all directions.

• In solids, particles are far apart and move rapidly in all directions; in liquids, particles are close together and vibrate in place; in gases, particles are arranged in a regular pattern.

• In solids, particles are far apart, move randomly, and have high energy; in liquids, particles are close together and move in a regular pattern; in gases, particles are close together but move slowly.

• In solids, particles are far apart, in liquids, particles are closely packed, and in gases, particles are stationary.

Which of the following correctly explains the process of boiling, based on the kinetic particle theory?

• During boiling, particles gain enough energy to overcome their intermolecular forces, allowing them to escape from the liquid state into the gas state.

• During boiling, particles lose energy, causing them to move more slowly and form a solid.

• During boiling, particles become tightly packed and vibrate in place, turning the liquid into a solid.

• During boiling, the temperature decreases, and particles move closer together.

According to the kinetic particle theory, what happens to the volume of a gas when its temperature increases?

• The volume decreases because the particles move slower.

• The volume stays the same because the number of particles does not change.

• The volume increases because the particles move faster and spread out more.

• The volume decreases because the particles become more tightly packed.

What happens to the volume of a gas when its pressure is increased, according to the kinetic particle theory?

• The volume increases because the particles are pushed closer together.

• The volume decreases because the particles are forced into closer proximity, increasing collisions.

• The volume remains unchanged because the temperature remains constant.

• The volume increases because the particles gain more kinetic energy.

Which of the following correctly describes the differences between elements, compounds, molecules, and mixtures?

• An element consists of one type of atom; a compound is made up of two or more types of atoms chemically bonded; a molecule is two or more atoms bonded, and a mixture is a combination of substances not chemically bonded.

• An element consists of multiple types of atoms; a compound is a single type of atom bonded; a molecule is a mixture of atoms not chemically bonded, and a mixture has a fixed ratio of components.

• An element is made up of compounds, a compound is a mixture of atoms, a molecule is a pure substance, and a mixture is made up of two or more elements.

• An element is a mixture of substances; a compound is made of atoms chemically bonded, and a molecule is a substance with no fixed ratio of elements.

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between solvent, solute, and solution?

• A solvent is the substance that is dissolved; a solute is the substance that dissolves the solute; a solution is a mixture of two solutes.

• A solvent dissolves the solute; the solute is dissolved in the solvent, and a solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent.

• A solute is a substance that dissolves a solvent; the solvent is dissolved in the solution.

• A solute and solvent are the same substance; a solution contains one solute and one solvent.

Which of the following correctly describes how to use paper chromatography to separate a mixture of soluble substances?

• Place a small drop of the mixture on paper and heat it to evaporate the solvent, leaving the substances behind.

• Place a small drop of the mixture on paper and allow a solvent to move up the paper, separating the components based on their solubility and interaction with the solvent.

• Place a mixture of solids on the paper and apply heat to separate them.

• Add the mixture directly into the solvent and allow it to dissolve completely before observation.

Which of the following describes how you would use a chromatogram to identify unknown substances?

• Compare the distance traveled by the unknown substances with the known substances to identify them.

• The unknown substance will always form a single spot on the chromatogram.

• Use a chromatogram to determine the boiling point of the unknown substance.

• The unknown substance can be identified by its color alone on the chromatogram.

How can a chromatogram be used to distinguish between pure and impure substances?

• A pure substance will show one spot on the chromatogram, while an impure substance will show multiple spots.

• A pure substance will show no spots, while an impure substance will show multiple spots.

• A pure substance will show only one spot, while an impure substance will show a gradient of color.

• Both pure and impure substances will show only one spot on a chromatogram.