Biology - Ch. 4

Primary producers are organisms that

• rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply

• consume plant and animal remains and other dead matter

• use energy they take in from the environment to convert inorganic molecules into complex organic molecules

• obtain energy by eating only plants

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A mushroom is a good example of a

• carnivore

• herbivore

• decomposer

• autotroph

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The series of steps in which a wolf eats a deer that has eaten clover is an example of a

• food web

• food chain

• pyramid of numbers

• pyramid of biomass

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Autotrophs can be classified into two groups according to which of these properties?

• energy source, either sunlight or chemicals

• food type, either plant matter or animal matter

• food quality, either living matter or dead matter

• water quality, either fresh water or salt water

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The total amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem can be shown in a(n)

• pyramid of energy

• pyramid of numbers

• pyramid of biomass

• biogeochemical cycle

The process of converting nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen gas is called

• nitrogen fixation

• biological cycle

• nitrogen conversion

• denitrification

What type of organism would you look for if you wanted to find one that performed denitrification?

• Look for phytoplankton that perform photosynthesis.

• Look for ocean-dwelling organisms that perform chemosynthesis.

• Look for soil bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates.

• Look for soil bacteria that convert nitrates to nitrogen gas.

Nutrients move through an ecosystem in

• biogeochemical cycles

• water cycles

• pyramids of energy

• ecological pyramids

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A carnivore obtains energy by eating other animals. Which of the following shows the process by which energy flows to a carnivorous animal?

• light energy → plant → carnivore

• light energy → plant → herbivore → carnivore

• light energy → herbivore → carnivore

• plant → light energy → carnivore

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Which of the following BEST describes the flow of energy through a food chain?

• Energy flows between primary producers and consumers, in either direction.

• Energy flows from consumers to primary producers, in one direction only.

• Energy flows from primary producers to consumers, in one direction only.

• Energy flows between primary producers and consumers, in an endless cycle.

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