IGCSE - Chapter 6 & 7 review

1. Why do people work?

• To gain satisfaction
• To contribute to society
• To gain monetary rewards
• All of these

Answer explanation

People work for various reasons, including money, satisfaction, and social contribution.

2. Who developed the scientific management theory of motivation?

• Frederick Taylor
• Elton Mayo
• Abraham Maslow
• Peter Drucker

Answer explanation

Taylor focused on productivity and pay as key motivators.

3. According to Herzberg, which of these is a "motivator" rather than a "hygiene factor"?

• Company policy
• Job security
• Achievement
• Working conditions

Answer explanation

Herzberg identified "achievement" as a motivator, unlike hygiene factors like policies.

4. Which need is at the base of Maslow's hierarchy?

• Self-actualization
• Safety
• Social
• Physiological

Answer explanation

Maslow’s hierarchy starts with basic physiological needs, like food and shelter.

5. Which of these is a financial method of motivation?

• Job rotation
• Fringe benefits
• Job enlargement
• Job enrichment

Answer explanation

Fringe benefits, like bonuses or health insurance, are financial motivators.

6. What is job rotation?

• Switching roles periodically
• Expanding job responsibilities
• Paying bonuses
• Offering promotion

Answer explanation

Job rotation involves moving employees between tasks to reduce boredom.

7. Which of the following is NOT a financial method of motivation?

• Commission
• Bonus
• Job enrichment
• Salary

Answer explanation

Job enrichment is a non-financial motivator, focused on job variety and responsibility.

8. According to Maslow, which need must be met before social needs?

• Self-actualization
• Safety
• Esteem
• Status

Answer explanation

Safety needs come before social needs in Maslow’s hierarchy.

9. Which of the following best describes Herzberg's "hygiene factors"?

• Factors that motivate
• Factors that prevent dissatisfaction
• Personal goals
• Achievement

Answer explanation

Hygiene factors reduce dissatisfaction but don’t motivate on their own.

10. How can job enrichment motivate employees?

• By simplifying tasks
• By increasing salaries
• By offering promotions
• By adding more responsibility

Answer explanation

Job enrichment motivates by giving employees more challenging work.