Introduction to Ethics

What is the primary focus of ethics?

• To determine laws

• To create social norms

• To decide the best thing to do

• To analyze historical events

Which ethical theory argues that morality is based on the consequences of actions?

• Kantianism

• Divine Command Theory

• Utilitarianism

• Virtue Ethics

What does subjective relativism state?

• Each person decides right and wrong for themselves

• Moral standards are universal

• Moral values are determined by society

• There are absolute moral truths

Which of the following is a case against cultural relativism?

• It does not explain how moral guidelines are determined

• It respects cultural differences

• It allows for moral diversity

• It promotes tolerance

What is the main idea of Divine Command Theory?

• Moral values are culturally determined

• Morality is based on human reasoning

• Good actions align with God's will

• Ethics is subjective

What does Kantianism emphasize?

• The importance of good will

• Consequences of actions

• Self-interest

• Cultural norms

In virtue ethics, what is considered essential for human flourishing?

• Following strict rules

• Maximizing happiness

• Adhering to social contracts

• Possessing and living out virtues

What is the principle of utility in utilitarianism?

• Actions are right if they increase total happiness

• Moral rules are absolute

• Ethics is based on cultural norms

• Actions are judged by their intentions

What is a perfect duty in Kantian ethics?

• A duty that can be ignored

• A duty that must be fulfilled without exception

• A duty that is optional

• A duty that varies by situation

Which ethical theory suggests that moral rules should lead to the greatest happiness if followed by everyone?

• Social Contract Theory

• Kantianism

• Rule Utilitarianism

• Act Utilitarianism