Exploring DNA and RNA Basics

What is the basic structural unit of DNA?

• Nucleotide

• Amino acid

• Ribosome

• Codon

Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

• rRNA

• tRNA

• mRNA

• snRNA

How many nucleotides make up a codon?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

What is the primary function of DNA in cells?

• To transport proteins

• To store genetic information

• To synthesize lipids

• To provide energy

Which of the following is a step in the transcription process?

• DNA replication

• RNA polymerase binding to DNA

• Protein folding

• Codon recognition

What role does tRNA play in translation?

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome

• It forms the ribosome structure

• It transcribes DNA into RNA

• It catalyzes peptide bond formation

Interpret the codon chart: What amino acid does the codon AUG code for?

• Glycine

• Methionine

• Serine

• Valine

Describe the role of RNA polymerase during transcription.

• It unwinds the DNA double helix

• It synthesizes a complementary RNA strand

• It translates mRNA into protein

• It splices introns from pre-mRNA

Explain how the structure of DNA allows it to store genetic information.

• The double helix structure allows for easy replication

• The sequence of bases encodes genetic information

• The sugar-phosphate backbone provides stability

• The hydrogen bonds between bases allow for flexibility

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Analyze the process of translation and identify the role of the ribosome.

• It transcribes DNA into RNA

• It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

• It unwinds the DNA double helix

• It transports amino acids to the mRNA