Exploring Physics and Science Concepts

What is Newton's second law of motion?

• An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an equal force.

• The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass (F = ma).

• The force acting on an object is equal to its mass times its velocity (F = mv).

• The acceleration of an object is constant regardless of the net force applied.

Define the term 'acceleration'.

• Acceleration is the force applied to an object.

• Acceleration is the distance traveled over time.

• Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time.

• Acceleration is the speed of an object at a given moment.

What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?

• KE = m * v^2 / 2

• KE = m * v

• KE = 0.5 * m * v^2

• KE = 0.5 * m * v

Explain the difference between speed and velocity.

• Speed is scalar; velocity is vector (includes direction).

• Velocity measures distance only, not direction.

• Speed can be negative while velocity cannot.

• Speed is always greater than velocity.

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

• Energy can be created and destroyed.

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

• Energy is only lost in transformations.

• Energy can be freely generated without limits.

Describe the structure of an atom.

• An atom consists only of electrons moving randomly in space.

• Atoms are made up of a single type of particle called quarks.

• An atom has a solid outer shell with no empty space inside.

• An atom is structured with a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbitals.

What is the pH scale and what does it measure?

• The pH scale indicates the color of a solution.

• The pH scale measures the density of a solution.

• The pH scale measures temperature changes in a solution.

• The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Name three states of matter and describe each.

• Mist: A state of matter that has a definite shape but no volume.

• Plasma: A state of matter with a fixed shape and volume.

• Foam: A state of matter that is always solid and does not change shape.

• 1. Solid: Definite shape and volume. 2. Liquid: Definite volume, takes the shape of its container. 3. Gas: No definite shape or volume, expands to fill its container.

What is the difference between a chemical change and a physical change?

• A chemical change produces new substances; a physical change does not.

• A physical change alters the chemical composition; a chemical change does not.

• Both chemical and physical changes produce new substances.

• A chemical change is reversible; a physical change is not.

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

• Enzymes are not involved in biological reactions at all.

• Enzymes slow down biological reactions by increasing activation energy.

• Enzymes convert energy into heat during biological reactions.

• Enzymes speed up biological reactions by lowering activation energy.