Exploring the Genetic Code

What are the main components of DNA structure?

• Ribose sugar and uracil bases

• The main components of DNA structure are nucleotides, which consist of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).

• Carbohydrates and lipids

• Amino acids and proteins

Name the three types of RNA and their functions.

• mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

• tRNA, dRNA, mRNA

• rRNA, cRNA, pRNA

• mRNA, sRNA, rRNA

Describe the process of transcription in protein synthesis.

• Transcription is the process of translating mRNA into proteins.

• Transcription occurs in the ribosome during protein synthesis.

• Transcription is the process of copying DNA into mRNA.

• Transcription involves the synthesis of DNA from RNA.

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

• Ribosomes break down proteins into amino acids.

• Ribosomes store genetic information for protein synthesis.

• Ribosomes transport proteins to the cell membrane.

• Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Define a genetic mutation and provide an example.

• A genetic mutation is a type of protein; an example is hemoglobin.

• A genetic mutation is a virus that changes DNA; an example is influenza.

• A genetic mutation is a change in the DNA sequence; an example is the sickle cell mutation.

• A genetic mutation is a process of cell division; an example is mitosis.

How do point mutations differ from frameshift mutations?

• Point mutations change one nucleotide, while frameshift mutations alter the reading frame by inserting or deleting nucleotides.

• Point mutations always lead to a change in protein function, while frameshift mutations do not.

• Point mutations involve multiple nucleotides, while frameshift mutations only affect one.

• Frameshift mutations are always caused by environmental factors, unlike point mutations.

What are codons and how do they relate to amino acids?

• Codons are single nucleotides that determine the structure of DNA.

• Codons are triplets of nucleotides that code for specific amino acids in protein synthesis.

• Codons are sequences of amino acids that create nucleotides.

• Codons are pairs of amino acids that form proteins.

Explain the relationship between codons and anticodons in translation.

• Codons and anticodons are identical sequences that do not pair.

• Anticodons are sequences in mRNA that code for amino acids.

• Codons are found in DNA and do not interact with tRNA.

• Codons in mRNA pair with complementary anticodons in tRNA to ensure accurate translation of genetic information into proteins.