Science Extension Review

What is epistemology in philosophy?

• A branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge

• A branch of philosophy that studies the moral implications of human actions

• A branch of philosophy that focuses on the aesthetic value of art

• A branch of philosophy that explores supernatural phenomena

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of scientific knowledge?

• The qualities of scientific knowledge

• The limitations of scientific knowledge

• The supernatural aspects of scientific knowledge

• How scientific knowledge is generated

What did the sextant, developed in the 1700s, measure?

• The depth of the ocean

• The speed of the wind

• The angle between the horizon and an object in space

• The distance between two stars

What is the main idea of empiricism?

• Knowledge is innate and not based on experience.

• All knowledge is based on experience derived from the senses.

• Knowledge is only theoretical and not practical.

• Knowledge is based on intuition and feelings.

According to empiricism, what is essential for scientific theories?

• Intuition and feelings

• Speculation and assumptions

• Evidence and testing through observations or experiments

• Tradition and authority

What did Galileo's observations through his telescope help him conclude?

• The geocentric model of the solar system was correct.

• The heliocentric model of the solar system was correct.

• The Earth was flat.

• The stars were fixed in the sky.

What is the process of induction in scientific inquiry?

• Developing a specific rule from a general observation

• Developing a general rule from a specific set of observations

• Making conclusions based on intuition

• Making conclusions without any observations

What is the process of deduction in scientific inquiry?

• Deriving a conclusion by reasoning from a general rule/theory

• Deriving a conclusion by guessing

• Deriving a conclusion without any reasoning

• Deriving a conclusion based on feelings

What is the main idea behind Occam's Razor?

• The most complex conclusion is usually correct.

• The simplest conclusion is often the true one.

• Multiple assumptions lead to true conclusions.

• The more assumptions, the better the conclusion.

What does parsimony emphasize in scientific theory formulation?

• Using the most complex assumptions.

• Adopting the simplest assumption.

• Ignoring all assumptions.

• Using multiple complex theories.