Exploring the Nervous System

What are the main parts of the nervous system?

• Brainstem and cranial nerves

• Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

• Cerebral cortex and spinal cord

• Autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system (SNS)

Identify the function of a neuron.

• To transmit information through electrical signals.

• To produce hormones for the body.

• To store genetic information.

• To filter toxins from the blood.

What role do dendrites play in a neuron?

• Dendrites act as the main energy source for the neuron.

• Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.

• Dendrites are responsible for producing neurotransmitters.

• Dendrites send signals away from the cell body.

Explain how an action potential is generated in a neuron.

• An action potential is generated by the influx of calcium ions only.

• An action potential is triggered by the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse.

• An action potential occurs when chloride ions leave the neuron.

• An action potential is generated through the depolarization of the neuron's membrane when sodium ions enter the cell, followed by repolarization as potassium ions exit.

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

• To store neurotransmitters for later use.

• To insulate axons and increase the speed of electrical impulses.

• To protect neurons from damage.

• To connect different parts of the brain.

Describe the pathway of a reflex action.

• The pathway of a reflex action involves only the brain and effectors.

• The pathway of a reflex action involves sensory receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons in the spinal cord, motor neurons, and effectors.

• Reflex actions are processed solely by sensory receptors without neurons.

• The pathway includes only motor neurons and effectors, skipping sensory input.

What is the difference between sensory and motor neurons?

• Sensory neurons are responsible for muscle movement; motor neurons process sensory information.

• Sensory neurons are involved in reflex actions; motor neurons are not involved in any reflexes.

• Sensory neurons carry information to the CNS; motor neurons carry information away from the CNS.

• Sensory neurons transmit signals only in the peripheral nervous system; motor neurons are only in the central nervous system.

How do neurotransmitters affect neuron communication?

• Neurotransmitters only affect muscle cells, not neurons.

• Neurotransmitters facilitate communication between neurons by transmitting signals across synapses.

• Neurotransmitters inhibit communication between neurons by blocking signals.

• Neurotransmitters are responsible for the growth of neurons without any signaling.

Differentiate between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

• CNS: nerves outside the brain; PNS: brain and spinal cord.

• CNS: sensory nerves; PNS: motor nerves.

• CNS: brain and spinal cord; PNS: all other nerves.

• CNS: only the brain; PNS: only the spinal cord.

What are the components of the CNS?

• The components of the CNS are the kidneys and liver.

• The components of the CNS are the brain and the spinal cord.

• The components of the CNS are the eyes and ears.

• The components of the CNS are the heart and lungs.