Energy Quiz

What is the definition of energy?

• The ability to cause change or do work

• The ability to move objects

• The ability to create matter

• The ability to generate heat

Answer explanation

Energy is defined as the ability to cause change or do work, making the first choice the correct answer. It encompasses various forms, including kinetic, potential, thermal, and more, all of which can effect change.

What does the law of conservation of energy state?

• Energy can be created and destroyed.

• Energy is not created or destroyed but transforms into different forms.

• Energy is only created but not destroyed.

• Energy is only destroyed but not created.

Answer explanation

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms. This means the correct choice is that energy transforms into different forms, rather than being created or destroyed.

What does temperature measure?

• The total energy of a system

• The average kinetic energy (motion) of particles of atoms or molecules

• The potential energy of particles

• The gravitational force between particles

Answer explanation

Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. This reflects how fast the particles are moving, which directly relates to the thermal energy of the system.

What happens to kinetic energy as temperature increases?

• Kinetic energy decreases

• Kinetic energy remains constant

• Kinetic energy increases

• Kinetic energy fluctuates

Answer explanation

As temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance also increases. This is because temperature is a measure of the energy of motion of particles, leading to the correct choice: kinetic energy increases.

What is required for solids to become a liquid?

• Heat of vaporization

• Heat of fusion

• Heat of condensation

• Heat of sublimation

Answer explanation

To convert solids into liquids, heat must be applied to overcome the forces holding the solid together. This process is known as melting, which requires the heat of fusion.

What is required for liquids to become a gas?

• Heat of fusion

• Heat of condensation

• Heat of vaporization

• Heat of sublimation

Answer explanation

To convert a liquid into a gas, energy in the form of heat is required to overcome intermolecular forces. This energy is known as the heat of vaporization, which is essential for the phase change from liquid to gas.

What happens to temperature during a phase change?

• Temperature increases

• Temperature decreases

• Temperature remains constant

• Temperature fluctuates

Answer explanation

During a phase change, such as melting or boiling, the temperature remains constant despite the addition or removal of heat. This is because the energy is used to change the state of the substance rather than increasing its temperature.

Which has more potential energy, vaporization or fusion?

• Fusion

• Vaporization

• Both have the same potential energy

• Neither has potential energy

Answer explanation

Vaporization has more potential energy than fusion because it involves breaking intermolecular forces in a liquid to form a gas, which requires more energy compared to the energy needed to change a solid to a liquid.

What type of process is melting in terms of energy change?

• Exothermic

• Endothermic

• Isothermal

• Adiabatic

Answer explanation

Melting is an endothermic process because it requires the absorption of heat energy to change a solid into a liquid. This energy input is necessary to overcome the forces holding the solid structure together.

During which phase change does a substance release heat energy?

• Melting

• Vaporization

• Condensation

• Sublimation

Answer explanation

During condensation, a substance transitions from gas to liquid, releasing heat energy in the process. This is the opposite of vaporization, where heat is absorbed.