Molecular Biology

Which of the following processes involves the duplication of a cell's DNA, resulting in two identical DNA molecules?

• Transcription

• Translation

• DNA Replication

• Cell Division

Which strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction during DNA replication?

• Lagging Strand

• Okazaki Strand

• Template Strand

• Leading Strand

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA helix during the process of DNA replication?

• Ligase

• Polymerase

• Helicase

• Primase

What is the result of UV light absorption by pyrimidine bases in DNA?

• Formation of purine dimers

• Breakage of the DNA strand

• Formation of pyrimidine dimers

• Conversion of pyrimidines to purines

Which of the following secondary structures can form within a single strand of RNA due to complementary base pairing?

• Double helix

• Hairpin-loop structure

• Z-DNA

• Triple helix

Which type of protein binds to specific DNA sequences and enhances transcription by stimulating the assembly of the basal transcription apparatus?

• Transcriptional repressor

• Helicase

• DNA polymerase

• Transcriptional activator

What is the name of the complex that includes RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, and the mediator, and is essential for the initiation of transcription?

• Basal transcription apparatus

• Ribosome

• Replication fork

• Enhancer complex

In bacterial cells, what sequence near the 5′ end of mRNA allows ribosomes to attach and initiate translation while transcription is still occurring?

• Shine-Dalgarno sequence

• Promoter sequence

• TATA Box

• Kozak sequence

What is the full form of CPSF, a key protein involved in the cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNA?

• Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Stimulating Factor

• Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor

• Chromatin Packaging and Signal Factor

• Cytosine Phosphorylation Synthase Factor

A molecule that transports amino acids to the ribosome and interacts with codons in mRNA, placing amino acids in their proper order in protein synthesis is:

• mRNA

• miRNA

• SiRNA

• tRNA