Chemistry Challenge

What is the IUPAC name for CH3CHO?

• ethanal

• propanal

• ethanoic acid

• methanal

What physical property of ketones allows them to be used as solvents?

• High polarity

• Low reactivity

• Low polarity

• High boiling point

What type of chemical reactions do carboxylic acids undergo?

• Hydrolysis, polymerization, oxidation

• Esterification, decarboxylation, and reduction

How can aldehydes be prepared from primary alcohols?

• Reduce primary alcohols using PCC

• Oxidize primary alcohols using PCC or CrO3 to obtain aldehydes.

• React primary alcohols with NaOH

• Hydrolyze primary alcohols with HCl

What reagent is used in the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine test for ketones?

• Tollens' reagent

• Acetone

• 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

• Benedict's solution

What are some common uses of carboxylic acids?

• Primary ingredient in chocolate production

• Fuel for rocket propulsion

• Production of soaps and detergents, preservatives in food and beverages, synthesis of pharmaceuticals, intermediates in polymer production

• Used as a building material in construction

What is the IUPAC name for HCOOH?

• Butanoic acid

• Propanoic acid

• Methanoic acid

• Ethanoic acid

Why do ketones have higher boiling points than aldehydes?

• Ketones have lower molecular weights than aldehydes.

• Ketones have higher boiling points due to stronger intermolecular forces.

• Ketones have more carbon atoms than aldehydes.

• Ketones have weaker intermolecular forces than aldehydes.

What happens when carboxylic acids react with alcohols?

• Alcohols and water are formed

• Ketones and carbon dioxide are formed

• Esters and water are formed

• Aldehydes and water are formed

How can aldehydes be prepared from alkynes?

• Convert the alkyne to a ketone using hydration with mercury (II) sulfate in dilute sulfuric acid, then further oxidize the ketone to an aldehyde using mild oxidizing agents like PCC or Swern oxidation.

• Treat the alkyne with a base to generate an aldehyde

• Directly convert the alkyne to an aldehyde using strong oxidizing agents

• React the alkyne with a reducing agent to form an aldehyde