Quiz about Biology Quiz

Question 1

What are plasmids?

Accepted Answer

Circular DNA molecules that replicate independently of the rest of the bacterial DNA

Answer

Linear DNA molecules that replicate independently of the rest of the bacterial DNA

Answer

Circular RNA molecules that replicate independently of the rest of the bacterial DNA

Answer

Linear RNA molecules that replicate independently of the rest of the bacterial DNA

Question 2

What can cloning be used for?

Accepted Answer

To reproduce DNA molecules or mass-produce proteins

Answer

To reproduce RNA molecules or mass-produce lipids

Answer

To reproduce proteins or mass-produce carbohydrates

Answer

To reproduce lipids or mass-produce RNA molecules

Question 3

What is the primary function of restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

To cut DNA strands at a specific sequence

Answer

To replicate DNA strands

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To repair DNA strands

Question 4

What type of ends do restriction enzymes create when they cut DNA?

Accepted Answer

Sticky ends

Answer

Blunt ends

Answer

Circular ends

Answer

Smooth ends

Question 5

What is one application of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

To insert specific genes into a plasmid for expression

Answer

To create new cells

Answer

To destroy harmful bacteria

Answer

To produce energy

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about the cuts made by restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They do not make even cuts

Answer

They make even cuts

Answer

They only cut RNA

Answer

They only cut at random sequences

Question 7

What is the purpose of cDNA libraries?

Accepted Answer

To store DNA sequences for the genes in the cell

Answer

To store RNA sequences for the genes in the cell

Answer

To store protein sequences for the genes in the cell

Answer

To store lipid sequences for the genes in the cell

Question 8

How is ssDNA constructed in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Using reverse transcriptase

Answer

Using DNA polymerase

Answer

Using RNA polymerase

Answer

Using ligase

Question 9

What enzyme adds a complementary DNA strand in the construction of cDNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Helicase

Question 10

What do complementary DNA strands do?

Accepted Answer

They hybridize and spontaneously form hydrogen bonds.

Answer

They repel each other.

Answer

They form covalent bonds.

Answer

They disintegrate.

Question 11

What is a small DNA or RNA strand that is complementary to the gene of interest called?

Accepted Answer

A nucleic acid probe.

Answer

A ribosome.

Answer

A polymerase.

Answer

A nucleotide.

Question 12

How is the probe labeled to identify where the gene is?

Accepted Answer

Radioactively or fluorescently.

Answer

Magnetically.

Answer

Electrically.

Answer

Mechanically.

Question 13

Why do eukaryotic genes have to be modified before they are added to bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have different promoters/control sequences

Answer

Bacteria have the same promoters/control sequences

Answer

Eukaryotic genes are too large

Answer

Eukaryotic genes are too small

Question 14

What is the purpose of using expression vectors in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

To contain active bacterial promoter next to a restriction site

Answer

To increase the size of the bacterial genome

Answer

To remove bacterial promoters

Answer

To inhibit bacterial gene expression

Question 15

Why do bacteria require cDNA for gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria cannot perform mRNA processing

Answer

Bacteria cannot replicate DNA

Answer

Bacteria cannot transcribe RNA

Answer

Bacteria cannot translate proteins

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of yeast artificial chromosomes in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They are eukaryotic DNA elements with an inserted gene to be expressed.

Answer

They are prokaryotic DNA elements.

Answer

They do not allow for gene expression.

Answer

They are commonly found in bacteria.

Question 17

What is a rare feature among eukaryotes that yeast can perform?

Accepted Answer

Expressing plasmids.

Answer

Undergoing binary fission.

Answer

Producing toxins.

Answer

Forming spores.

Question 18

What process allows for post-translational modification in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Post-translational modification.

Answer

Transcription.

Answer

Translation.

Answer

Replication.

Question 19

What is the purpose of electroporation in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

To create holes in the membrane for the entry of a plasmid.

Answer

To replicate DNA.

Answer

To transcribe RNA.

Answer

To inhibit gene expression.

Question 20

Which organism can be used to infect plant cells and inject DNA?

Accepted Answer

Agrobacterium.

Answer

Bacteria.

Answer

Yeast.

Answer

Virus.

Question 21

What is the purpose of DNA Amplification using PCR?

Accepted Answer

To quickly amplify DNA sequences

Answer

To degrade DNA sequences

Answer

To mutate DNA sequences

Answer

To sequence DNA

Question 22

What happens during the denaturation step in PCR?

Accepted Answer

Heating to separate complementary strands

Answer

Cooling to allow primers to anneal

Answer

DNA polymerase extends the DNA strands

Answer

Adding nucleotides to the DNA strands

Question 23

During which step of PCR do primers anneal to the DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Annealing

Answer

Denaturation

Answer

Extension

Answer

Replication

Question 24

What is the role of DNA polymerase in the PCR process?

Accepted Answer

To extend the DNA strands

Answer

To separate DNA strands

Answer

To cool the reaction mixture

Answer

To anneal primers to the DNA strand

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a required component of PCR?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA strand to be replicated

Answer

Primers to bind to the DNA

Answer

Nucleotides for DNA extension

Question 26

What is the role of primers in PCR?

Accepted Answer

To bind to the DNA and allow polymerase action

Answer

To replicate the DNA strand

Answer

To provide energy for the reaction

Answer

To break down the DNA strand

Question 27

Which enzyme is essential for the PCR process?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Helicase

Question 28

What is the purpose of nucleotides in PCR?

Accepted Answer

To extend the DNA strand

Answer

To bind to the DNA strand

Answer

To provide a template for replication

Answer

To separate the DNA strands

Question 29

What is the relationship between the speed of macromolecules and their molecular size in gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

Speed is inversely related to molecular size

Answer

Speed is directly related to molecular size

Answer

Speed is not related to molecular size

Answer

Speed is exponentially related to molecular size

Question 30

In gel electrophoresis, towards which pole do DNA molecules move when a current is applied?

Accepted Answer

Positive pole

Answer

Negative pole

Answer

Neutral pole

Answer

Both poles

Question 31

What can Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) be used for in gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

To break interactions between protein subunits

Answer

To increase the speed of DNA molecules

Answer

To stain the DNA molecules

Answer

To create a gel matrix

Question 32

What is the primary use of blots in molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

To identify the presence of a specific molecule in a mixture

Answer

To separate molecules based on size

Answer

To amplify DNA sequences

Answer

To sequence RNA

Question 33

What process is a mixture subjected to before a probe is added in blotting techniques?

Accepted Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

PCR

Answer

Chromatography

Question 34

Which type of blot uses nucleic acid probes to identify DNA?

Accepted Answer

Southern blot

Answer

Northern blot

Answer

Western blot

Answer

Eastern blot

Question 35

Which type of blot uses nucleic acid probes to identify RNA?

Accepted Answer

Northern blot

Answer

Southern blot

Answer

Western blot

Answer

Eastern blot

Question 36

Which type of blot uses antibodies to identify proteins?

Accepted Answer

Western blot

Answer

Southern blot

Answer

Northern blot

Answer

Eastern blot

Question 37

What is the effect of adding a ddNTP to a DNA molecule during Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

It stops the elongation of the DNA molecule.

Answer

It speeds up the elongation of the DNA molecule.

Answer

It changes the sequence of the DNA molecule.

Answer

It has no effect on the DNA molecule.

Question 38

Which of the following components is NOT included in the test tubes prepared for Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

The original DNA strand

Answer

A primer

Answer

Polymerase

Question 39

How is each ddNTP labeled in Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

With a fluorescent label of a different color

Answer

With a radioactive marker

Answer

With a fluorescent label of the same color

Answer

With a magnetic marker

Question 40

What is the first step in the Sanger sequencing process?

Accepted Answer

The new DNA strands are synthesized from the template

Answer

All the strands have varying length depending on where the ddNTP was incorporated

Answer

The DNA strands are all put through a gel electrophoresis

Answer

The ordering of the fluorescence can be used to determine the order of the DNA strand

Question 41

What causes the DNA strands to have varying lengths in the Sanger sequencing process?

Accepted Answer

The incorporation of ddNTP

Answer

The new DNA strands are synthesized from the template

Answer

The DNA strands are all put through a gel electrophoresis

Answer

The ordering of the fluorescence can be used to determine the order of the DNA strand

Question 42

What technique is used to separate the DNA strands in the Sanger sequencing process?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Fluorescence ordering

Answer

Template strand synthesis

Answer

ddNTP incorporation

Question 43

How is the order of the DNA strand determined in the Sanger sequencing process?

Accepted Answer

By the ordering of the fluorescence

Answer

By synthesizing new DNA strands from the template

Answer

By the varying lengths of the DNA strands

Answer

By the incorporation of ddNTP

Question 44

What is the relationship between the template strand sequence and the fluorescence seen in the Sanger sequencing process?

Accepted Answer

The template strand sequence is complementary to what is seen with the fluorescence

Answer

The template strand sequence is identical to what is seen with the fluorescence

Answer

The template strand sequence is unrelated to what is seen with the fluorescence

Answer

The template strand sequence is shorter than what is seen with the fluorescence

Question 45

What is the purpose of using dideoxyribonucleotides (ddNTPs) in Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

To terminate DNA strand elongation

Answer

To initiate DNA strand synthesis

Answer

To repair DNA strands

Answer

To replicate RNA strands

Question 46

In Sanger sequencing, what is the role of DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize new DNA strands

Answer

To break down DNA strands

Answer

To label DNA strands with fluorescent tags

Answer

To separate DNA strands

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a deoxyribonucleotide used in Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

ddTTP

Answer

dATP

Answer

dCTP

Answer

dGTP

Question 48

In the Sanger sequencing method, what is detected by the laser in the sequencing machine?

Accepted Answer

The fluorescently labeled dideoxyribonucleotides

Answer

The length of the DNA strands

Answer

The sequence of the DNA strands

Answer

The primer used in the sequencing

Question 49

Which technique can be used to find the amount of a specific mRNA being expressed?

Accepted Answer

Northern blotting

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

Western blotting

Answer

Eastern blotting

Question 50

What does reverse transcriptase convert mRNAs into during RT-PCR?

Accepted Answer

cDNA

Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Proteins

Question 51

In RT-PCR, what is added to the mRNA of interest before PCR is performed?

Accepted Answer

Primers

Answer

Enzymes

Answer

Nucleotides

Answer

Buffers

Question 52

What does the amount of time needed to reach a threshold of mRNA concentration help find in RT-PCR?

Accepted Answer

The original amount of mRNA

Answer

The size of the mRNA

Answer

The sequence of the mRNA

Answer

The location of the mRNA

Question 53

What is the first step in RT-PCR analysis of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

cDNA synthesis

Answer

PCR amplification

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

mRNA extraction

Question 54

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in RT-PCR?

Accepted Answer

To reveal amplified DNA products

Answer

To amplify DNA

Answer

To convert mRNA to cDNA

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Question 55

In the RT-PCR analysis diagram, what is used to perform PCR amplification?

Accepted Answer

Primers specific to the gene of interest

Answer

Enzymes

Answer

Buffers

Answer

Nucleotides

Question 56

What is the purpose of using fluorescently labeled probes in in situ hybridization?

Accepted Answer

To determine the amount of mRNA in the cell

Answer

To measure the cell's DNA content

Answer

To identify the cell's protein structure

Answer

To observe the cell's membrane composition

Question 57

What is the primary use of a DNA microarray?

Accepted Answer

To find all the genes that are expressed at a certain time

Answer

To sequence the entire genome

Answer

To identify protein structures

Answer

To measure the length of DNA strands

Question 58

What are all mRNAs in the cell converted to in a DNA microarray process?

Accepted Answer

cDNA

Answer

Proteins

Answer

RNA

Answer

DNA fragments

Question 59

What can a DNA microarray identify?

Accepted Answer

Genes that are expressed together

Answer

The sequence of amino acids

Answer

The length of chromosomes

Answer

The number of cells in a tissue

Question 60

What is the first step in the DNA microarray technique?

Accepted Answer

Isolate mRNA

Answer

Make cDNA by reverse transcription

Answer

Apply the cDNA mixture to a microarray

Answer

Rinse off excess cDNA

Question 61

What does each fluorescent spot on a DNA microarray represent?

Accepted Answer

A gene expressed in the tissue sample

Answer

A protein expressed in the tissue sample

Answer

A DNA fragment length

Answer

A chromosome number

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