EBM

Evidence Based Medicine integrates the following concept except:

• Clinical Judgement

• Patient's value and preference

• Relevant scientific evidence

• Current policy in place

Which is NOT a PICO concept?

• P = Population

• C = Comparator

• I = Intention

• O = Outcome

Secondary research is

• Review of published research of two or more primary studies

• Study subject that are randomly selected from a target population

• Less cost-elective than primary research

• Original studies, based on observation or experimental subjects

Which of the following BEST describe Bias

• Bias is a threat to external validity of a study

• Bias results in an incorrect estimate of an exposure true effect

• Bias creates an association that is true

• Cannot be reduced by good study design

To be a confounding factor

• Confounder must be a risk factor for the outcome of interest

• Confounder must be associated with the exposure

• All of the above

Which one of the following best describes relative risk (RR)?

• Experimental event rate (EER) / Control event rate (CER)

• Control event late (CER) - Experimental event late (EER)

• Control event late (CER) + Experimental event rate (EER)

• Experimental event rate (EER) - Control event rate (CER)

Which is True about Randomised controlled trial?

• Inexpensive but
  time-consuming

• Gold standard for studying efficacy or safety of new intervention

• Characteristics of RCT : Control, Randomisation & No Blinding

• Conducted prospectively or retrospectively

Which is Not True about Critical Appraisal?

• Able to recognise bias but not confounders

• Systematically examining evidence to access validity, results, and relevance

• Reduce information overload by removing studies that are irrelevant or weak

• Tools can be used for appraisal such as scales, checklists and domains

Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes a Systematic Review?

• Quality of review depends on what was done

• Uses explicit methods to limit bias

• Relatively quicker and less costly to perform than a new study

• ResuIts cannot be generalised to a broader population

Which of the following describes a cohort study?

• Cannot be used for rare exposure

• Require small sample sizes

• Require a short duration of follow-up

• Measure an association between exposure and disease